, Criticism of Murdock's book: the Outline of Cultural Materials? - Developed primarily for
anthropologists. Not designed for the medical field; does not provide for systematic use
of the nursing process.
Criticism of Brownlee's: Community, Culture, and Care? - Too comprehensive, too
difficult to us.e.
What model is used at present? - Leininger's *Sunrise Model*.The sunrise model
symbolizes the rising of the sun (care).
Criticisms of nursing diagnoses r/t transcultural nursing? - 1. Dx tend to focus on the
client rather than the provider and therefore do not acknowledge the existence of other
culturally relevant viewpoints
2. Dx tend to be generalized and as a result, increase the risk for stereotyping and
victimization b/c non-western medical models are believed to be "abnormal" and
therefore require intervention
3. Mislabeling phenomena
True or false: all individuals within a specific cultural group will think and behave in a
similar manner with relative predictability? - FALSE. There is MUCH diversity within a
cultural group as there is across cultural groups.
Culturally diverse nursing care takes into account what six cultural phenomena? These
six factors vary with application and use yet are evident in all cultures. *These six
factors make up the culturally unique individual.* - 1. Communication
2. Space
3. Time
4. Environmental Control
5. Biological variations
6. Social organization
What is cultural competence? - It is the adaptation of care in a manner that is congruent
with the client's culture.
Transcultural nursing:
Historical Origins - Dr. Madeleine M. Leininger, nurse anthropologist. Founded field of
transcultural nursing in mid 1960s.
When was the Transcultural Nursing Society formed? - Founded in 1974.
Leininger's Conceptual Framework:
Sunrise Model - Based on the concept of cultural care that guides nursing judgments
and activities to provide culturally congruent care.
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