Exam (elaborations)
NSCA-CPT FINAL REVIEW
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NSCA-CPT FINAL REVIEW
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NSCA-CPTFINAL REVIEW
How does VO2max change with chronic aerobic endurance training? What causes this
change? - answer- Increases, due to increased Q (cardiac output; due to increased SV,
not HR)
How is HR affected by chronic aerobic endurance training? - answer- Unchanged or
decreased slightly
Heart adaptations to chronic aerobic endurance training? - answer- Left ventricle
hypertrophy and chamber diameter increases
Coronary arteriole densities and diameters increase
Blood adaptations to chronic aerobic endurance training? - answer- Increased blood
volume
Increased plasma (within 24 h)
Increased red blood cell volume (within a few weeks)
5 Respiratory system adaptations to chronic aerobic endurance training? - answer-
Increased ventilatory muscle endurance, aerobic enzymes, and tidal volume
Decreased O2 cost of breathing and breathing frequency
Skeletal muscle adaptations to chronic aerobic endurance training? - answer- Possible
slight hypertrophy of type I fibers
Increased: capillary density, mitochondria density, glycogen stores, triglyceride stores,
and oxidative enzymes
Skeletal system adaptations to chronic aerobic endurance training? - answer- Possible
increase of BMD
,Acute effects of aerobic exercise on BP? - answer- Decreased BP post-exercise
Chronic effects of aerobic exercise on systolic/diastolic BP (for normotensive and
hypertensive trainees)? - answer- Normotensive: 3/2 decrease
Hypertensive: 7/6 decrease
Three major metabolic adaptations to chronic aerobic endurance training? - answer- 1)
Increased reliance on fat for energy
2) Increased lactate threshold
3) Increased VO2max (10-30%+)
Why does connective tissue (tendons, ligaments, cartilage) take longer to adapt to
training? - answer- CT has few living cells and poor blood supply
What primarily leads to aerobic endurance overtraining? - answer- Too much volume
How quickly does aerobic detraining occur? - answer- As soon as two weeks after
stopping training
When should trainers refer clients to a nutrition professional? - answer- When a problem
is beyond trainer's competency
When clients have nutritionally affected diseases
What is medical nutrition therapy and under whose scope of practice does it fall? -
answer- Nutrition info for those with nutritionally affected diseases
Under licensed nutritionists, dietitians, and registered dietitians
What is included in a complete dietary assessment? (4 things) - answer- Anthropometric
data
Biochemical data
Clinical exam
Dietary intake data
Methods for gathering dietary intake data? - answer- Diet recall
Diet history
Diet Record
How do trainers ID and change false beliefs (3 steps)? - answer- 1) Ask questions to ID
and discuss client's beliefs
2) Use education, reasoning, and reinforcement
3) Teach new, correct info
Purpose of long-term goals? - answer- Give client meaningful pursuit
,Purpose of short-term goals? - answer- Provide strategy to attain long-term goals;
increase commitment
Desired difficulty for short term goals? - answer- 50% success rate (not too hard or
easy)
What are performance goals? - answer- Goals to improve on past performance
(Medium client control)
What are process goals? - answer- Goals to improve effort, technique, attitude, etc.
(High client control)
What are outcome goals? - answer- Goals to win or beat others (Little client control)
How do task-involved clients gauge their performance improvement? - answer-
Comparing themselves to their previous performance
How do ego-involved/other-referenced clients gauge their performance improvements?
- answer- Comparing themselves to others
What are SMART goals? - answer- Specific, measurable, action-oriented, realistic, time-
bound
Two dimensions/aspects of motivation? - answer- 1) Direction
2) Intensity
What is behaviorism? - answer- View that behavior is shaped by its consequences
What is an operant? - answer- Target behavior
What is self-determination? - answer- The continuum from intrinsic to extrinsic
motivation
Personal trainer scope of practice as defined by the NSCA? - answer- Health/fitness
professionals who use an individualized approach to assess, motivate, educate, train,
and guide clients regarding their health and fitness needs by designing safe and
effective exercise programs and who respond appropriately in emergency situations
What phrase/acronym is useful for remembering the personal trainer's scope of
practice? - answer- "Personal trainers MATER"
Motivate
Assess
Train
Educate
Refer
, What is achieved during initial client interview? - answer- 1) Assessment of client-trainer
compatibility
2) Development of goals
3) Establishment of client-trainer agreement
Info to provide client when assessing compatibility? - answer- Trainer's
education/experience/credentials
Service location/time availability
Boundaries, roles, expectations
Referral info in case of non-compatibility
Purpose of pre-participation health appraisal screening? - answer- ID diseases and
positive risk factors for CAD
Assess lifestyle factors for special consideration
ID need for medical referral prior to exercise
Two commonly used health appraisal instruments used to assess appropriateness of
exercise and need for referral? - answer- 1) PAR-Q (physical activity readiness
questionnaire)
2) Health/Medical Questionnaire
What is the PAR-Q and its function? - answer- Questionnaire based on self-recall of
signs and symptoms used to ID those who require additional medical screening prior to
exercise
Cons of PAR-Q? - answer- doesn't ID all coronary risk factors, medications, and
exercise contraindications
What does the health/medical questionnaire assess? - answer- CAD risk factors
Lifestyle management
Appropriateness of moderate-vigorous activity
Medication/supplements
Sudden cardiac death risk factors
Orthopedic concerns
Diagnosed diseases
What and who do lifestyle inventories assess? - answer- Behaviors related to diet,
stress management, physical activity, etc. of healthy clients
What is included in an informed consent form? - answer- Program info
Risks and benefits
Confidentiality clause
Client responsibilities
Documentation of acknowledgement and acceptance of terms and conditions
How should informed consent be given? - answer- Both verbally and in writing
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