Pharmacology Vitamins
Terms in this set (196)
Original
What are vitamins?
Organic compounds that promote growth and health.
What are RDAs?
Recommended dietary allowances for vitamins.
What is the UL for a vitamin?
The highest safe daily intake.
What is the purpose of the UL?
To ensure safety, not to exceed the RDA.
Do daily multivitamin supplements decrease chronic disease risk?
No evidence supports this.
Which vitamins can benefit certain individuals?
B12, folic acid, and vitamin D (with calcium).
How are vitamins divided?
Fat-soluble and water-soluble.
What can vitamin A deficiency cause?
Night blindness, xerophthalmia, keratomalacia.
What are the risks of too much vitamin A?
Birth defects, liver injury, bone abnormalities.
What is the role of vitamin D?
Regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism.
What conditions can vitamin D deficiency cause in children?
Rickets.
What conditions can vitamin D deficiency cause in adults?
Osteomalacia.
What is the risk of high-dose vitamin E?
Increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke.
What is the purpose of vitamins in the body?
To participate in energy transformation and metabolic regulation.
Who sets the RDAs for vitamins?
The Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences.
What percentage of healthy individuals do RDAs aim to meet?
97% to 98%.
What is the purpose of the UL?
To determine the highest safe intake level.
Do RDAs recommend exceeding the UL?
No, the UL is an index of safety.
, Which vitamins are fat-soluble?
A, D, E, and K.
Which vitamins are water-soluble?
C and members of the B complex.
What is the role of Vitamin K?
Required for synthesis of prothrombin and clotting factors.
What are the consequences of Vitamin K deficiency?
Bleeding tendencies and spontaneous hemorrhage.
What is the use of Vitamin K in medical treatment?
Treatment for Vitamin K deficiency and antidote for warfarin.
What deficiency does Vitamin C cause?
Scurvy.
Is Niacin a vitamin or a drug?
Both.
What is the difference in dosage when using Niacin as a drug versus for deficiency?
Higher doses for reducing cholesterol levels.
What deficiency does Niacin cause?
Pellagra.
What does severe thiamine deficiency produce?
Beriberi.
Who is most commonly affected by thiamine deficiency in the United States?
People with chronic alcohol consumption.
What does thiamine deficiency manifest as in this population?
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
What deficiency does Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) cause?
Peripheral neuritis and other symptoms.
What drug can induce Pyridoxine deficiency?
Isoniazid, a drug for tuberculosis.
What are the consequences of folic acid deficiency during early pregnancy?
Neural tube defects (anencephaly and spina bifida).
How much supplemental folic acid should women consume at the start of pregnancy?
400 to 800 mcg every day.
What is the risk associated with high doses of folic acid?
Increased risk for certain cancers.
Do high-dose antioxidants prevent heart disease or cancer?
No.
What is the potential risk of high-dose antioxidants?
Increased risk for mortality.
What is BMI?
Measure of body fat content.
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