150 AD--8 volume guide to Geography
Problems: overestimated size of Asia, underestimated circumference of Earth. -
✔✔Ptolemy
1507--1st map to show Americas as a separate continent. - ✔✔Waldseemüller Map
1571--Maps become more accurate. - ✔✔Ortelius
The geographic study of human-environment relationships. - ✔✔Cultural Ecology
The idea that the physical environment causes social development; argues that the
scientific study of social & natural processes is fundamentally the same. -
%
✔✔Environmental Determinism
(Karl Sauer) the environment offers possibilities, natural cultural groups will use it in
different ways , thus different outcomes. - ✔✔Environmental Possibilism
Position that something occupies on Earth's surface. - ✔✔Location
The arrangement of a feature in space.
3 main properties of distribution:
1. Density
2. Concentration
3. Pattern - ✔✔Distribution
Depends on the distances between places. Both Complementarity and Intervening
Opportunity. - ✔✔Spatial Interaction
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Satellite-based system for determining the absolute location of places or geographic
features. - ✔✔Global Positioning System (GPS)
Use of satellite images/aerial photos to obtain data about the Earth's surface. -
✔✔Remote Sensing
Comparable software that interrelates geographic data. - ✔✔Geographic Information
System (GIS)
1. E Asia (25%, 1/2 of pop lives rurally)
2. S Asia (25%, majority still lives rurally)
3. Europe (10%, 3/4 live in cities)
4. SE Asia (8%, majority rural) - ✔✔4 Major Population Clusters
annual # of live births per 1000 population - ✔✔Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
annual # of deaths per 1000 population - ✔✔Crude Death Rate (CDR)
%
the growth of a population expressed as the difference between CBR & CDR.
NIR=CBR-CDR, convert to percent. - ✔✔Natural Increase Rate (NIR)
time period required for any beginning total experiencing a compounding growth to
double in size.
Divide 69 by NIR% - ✔✔Doubling Time
The growth of a population that takes into account net migration.
Pop Growth Rate=NIR + Net Migration Rate, convert to % - ✔✔Population Growth
Rate
Describes how countries change over time in 5 stages:
1. Most people hunt/gather, traditional farm communities, high CBR/CDR, low NIR; no
current society is in stage 1
2. CBR stays high, medical & sanitation advances lowers CDR, very high NIR;
currently some sub-saharan countries
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