Exam (elaborations)
pathophysiolog final exam orginal questions and answers screenshot
- Course
- NR283 / NR 283
- Institution
- Chamberlain College Of Nursing
pathophysiolog final exam orginal questions and answers screenshot
[Show more]
Content preview
Exam 1: Pathophysiology Spring Sem 20241. functions of blood: -distribution of gases, nutrients, hormones, and wastes
-protection like immunity and hemorhage
-regulation of pH, temperature, and fluid balance
2. Composition of Blood: -only fluid connective tissue
-contains formed elements, plasma
3. Formed elements: erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets
4. erythrocytes: red blood cells
5. leukocytes: white blood cells
6. platelets: thrombocytes
7. whole blood: refers to the mixture of both plasma and formed elements
8. red blood cells: -biconcave shape, increases surface area to transport more
oxygen
-most abundant cell in blood
-no ribosomes, nucleus, or mitochondria
-120 day lifespan
9. white blood cells: -contain B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells
-smallest, no granules=agranulocytes
-high when viral or bacterial infection is present
10. monocytes: -largest white blood cell
-phagocytes, 1-3 days in the blood
-converts to macrophages and can become antigen-presenting cells (APCs)
11. thrombocytes: -fragments of megakaryocytes
-no nucleus, some organelles
-cannot divide, 7 day life span
-primary role: hemostasis means stop bleeding
-secrete ADP, serotonin, TxA2, platelet derived growth factor
12. Granulocytes: -neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
-all phagocytic
13. neutrophils: -The most abundant type of white blood cell
-elevated in bacterial infection and fungal infections
14. eosinophils: a white blood cell containing granules that are readily stained by
eosin
-elevated in parasitic infections but also in chronic allergic conditions like asthma
1/9
, .
15. basophils: -allergic reactions, granules filled w/histamine, heparin, leukotrienes
-may be elevated in leukemia
16. plasma cells: -derived from B lymphocytes
-antibody production
17. band cells: -immature neutrophils
18 polymorphonuclear leukocytes: -mature neutrophils with segmented,
lobulated nuceli (3-5 lobes)
-phagocytic
-kill bacteria via "respiratory burst"
19. How do neutrophils kill?: -phagocytosis
-respiratory burst
-defensins granules
-neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)
20. respiratory burst: bacterial killing by generating hydrogen peroxide and
hypochlorous acid
21. NETs: made of DNA with antimicrobial proteins
22. left shift: increase in the number of immature neutrophils in response to
disease
23. 23. macrophages: -monocytes mature into macrophages once they leave
circulation
-large phagocytic cells
24. plasma: -55% of the blood
-contain water, proteins, and other solutes
25. proteins in plasma: -albumins
-globulins
-fibrinogen
-regulatory proteins
26. infection: presence and multiplication within another living organism
27. colonization: establishing a presence, not always detrimental
28. microflora: bacteria inhabiting exposed surfaces of the body
29. pathogens: disease causing agents
30. 5 types of infectious agents: 1. prions
2. viruses
3. bacteria
4. parasites
2/9
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller KINGNOTES1. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
71498 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now