Exam (elaborations)
pathophysiolog final exam orginal questions and answers screenshot
- Course
- NR283 / NR 283
- Institution
- Chamberlain College Of Nursing
pathophysiolog final exam orginal questions and answers screenshot
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Exam 1: Pathophysiology Spring Sem 20241. functions of blood: -distribution of gases, nutrients, hormones, and wastes
-protection like immunity and hemorhage
-regulation of pH, temperature, and fluid balance
2. Composition of Blood: -only fluid connective tissue
-contains formed elements, plasma
3. Formed elements: erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets
4. erythrocytes: red blood cells
5. leukocytes: white blood cells
6. platelets: thrombocytes
7. whole blood: refers to the mixture of both plasma and formed elements
8. red blood cells: -biconcave shape, increases surface area to transport more
oxygen
-most abundant cell in blood
-no ribosomes, nucleus, or mitochondria
-120 day lifespan
9. white blood cells: -contain B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells
-smallest, no granules=agranulocytes
-high when viral or bacterial infection is present
10. monocytes: -largest white blood cell
-phagocytes, 1-3 days in the blood
-converts to macrophages and can become antigen-presenting cells (APCs)
11. thrombocytes: -fragments of megakaryocytes
-no nucleus, some organelles
-cannot divide, 7 day life span
-primary role: hemostasis means stop bleeding
-secrete ADP, serotonin, TxA2, platelet derived growth factor
12. Granulocytes: -neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
-all phagocytic
13. neutrophils: -The most abundant type of white blood cell
-elevated in bacterial infection and fungal infections
14. eosinophils: a white blood cell containing granules that are readily stained by
eosin
-elevated in parasitic infections but also in chronic allergic conditions like asthma
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, .
15. basophils: -allergic reactions, granules filled w/histamine, heparin, leukotrienes
-may be elevated in leukemia
16. plasma cells: -derived from B lymphocytes
-antibody production
17. band cells: -immature neutrophils
18 polymorphonuclear leukocytes: -mature neutrophils with segmented,
lobulated nuceli (3-5 lobes)
-phagocytic
-kill bacteria via "respiratory burst"
19. How do neutrophils kill?: -phagocytosis
-respiratory burst
-defensins granules
-neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)
20. respiratory burst: bacterial killing by generating hydrogen peroxide and
hypochlorous acid
21. NETs: made of DNA with antimicrobial proteins
22. left shift: increase in the number of immature neutrophils in response to
disease
23. 23. macrophages: -monocytes mature into macrophages once they leave
circulation
-large phagocytic cells
24. plasma: -55% of the blood
-contain water, proteins, and other solutes
25. proteins in plasma: -albumins
-globulins
-fibrinogen
-regulatory proteins
26. infection: presence and multiplication within another living organism
27. colonization: establishing a presence, not always detrimental
28. microflora: bacteria inhabiting exposed surfaces of the body
29. pathogens: disease causing agents
30. 5 types of infectious agents: 1. prions
2. viruses
3. bacteria
4. parasites
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