Need for continued supply of a particular manufacturer's product should be based on clinical judgement
and consultation with patient and/or carer, taking into account factors such as seizure frequency and
treatment history
What should the standard dose of a strong opioid for breakthrough pain? - ANSWERS1/10th to 1/6th of
regular 24-hour dose, repeated every 2-4 hours as required (up to hourly may be needed if pain is severe
or in the last days of life).
What is the dose of apixaban used for prophylaxis of stroke and systemic embolism in non-valvular atrial
fibrillation? - ANSWERS5 mg BD
2.5mg BD if patient has at least 2 of the following characteristics:
1) age 80 years and over
2) body-weight 60 kg or less
3) or serum creatinine 133 micromol/litre and over.
What are the reversal agents for DOACs? - ANSWERSIdarucizumab - dabigatran
,Andexanet alfa - apixaban or rivaroxaban
What should patients be advised regarding missing weekly methotrexate doses? - ANSWERSmissed dose
+ <2 days -> take as long as you remember
missed dose + > 2 days -> skip missed dose, take next dose as normal, flare up unlikely
How often should you wait after stopping methotrexate to try and conceive? - ANSWERS6 months
what is the normal range of TC, LDL and HDL, non-HDL and triglycerides - ANSWERSTC <5
HDL >1
LDL <3
non-HDL <4
Triglycerides <2.3
what are the microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes - ANSWERSmicrovascular -
retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy
how should extravasation injuries following administration of a cytotoxic drug be treated? -
ANSWERSstop the infusion immediately, administer hydrocortisone and analgesia
how should levothyroxine be taken? - ANSWERSin the morning at least 30-60 minutes before any food,
caffeine-containing liquids (e.g. coffee, tea) or other medications.
How long should anticoagulation treatment for PE and DVT be for? - ANSWERS3 months (minimum)
what are the target ranges of blood glucose for pre-prandial (pre-meal) and 90 minutes post-prandial
(post-meal) in type 1 DM? - ANSWERS4-7 mmol/L pre-prandial (pre-meal)
,5-9 mmol/L 90 minutes post-prandial (post-meal)
how to use Ventolin accuhaler? - ANSWERSforcefully and deeply
advice for taking metronidazole - ANSWERSSpace the doses evenly throughout the day
administer this medication with or just after a meal
don't drink alcohol during the course and for 48 hours after the end of the treatment
conditions eligible for NMS? - ANSWERSasthma
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
type 2 diabetes
high blood pressure
high cholesterol
osteoporosis
gout
glaucoma
epilepsy
Parkinson's disease
urinary incontinence or retention
heart failure
coronary heart disease
atrial fibrillation
unstable angina or heart attack
stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA)
long-term risk of blot clots or blocked blood vessels, including DVT (deep vein thrombosis)
, type 1 diabetes advice on driving - ANSWERStest blood glucose immediately before he starts his drive
and after he finishes driving
which is the NSAID with the lowest and highest risk of GI side effects - ANSWERShighest - piroxicam,
ketoprofen, and ketorolac trometamol
intermediate risk - indometacin, diclofenac, and naproxen
lowest risk - ibuprofen (although high doses of ibuprofen have been associated with intermediate risk).
CHA2DS2VASc score? - ANSWERSpredict the risk of stroke and systemic emboli in patients with non-
valvular atrial fibrillation
C -Congestive Heart Failure/ LV dysfunction (1)
H- Hypertension (1)
A - Age ≥75 years (2)
D - Diabetes mellitus (1)
S -Previous stroke/TIA/embolism (2)
V - Vascular disease (MI, PVD) (1)
A - Age 65-74 years (1)
Sc - Sex category: female (1)
0 = low risk, 1-2 = moderate risk & 2 = high risk
define medicines optimisation - ANSWERSA system which looks at how people use medicines and
acknowledges that the way people use medicines over time may change, it can help encourage people to
take ownership of their treatmen
how often should you get LFT done whilst taking amiodarone? - ANSWERS6 months
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