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NSG170 Test 2: Gas Exchange and Perfusion Practice Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
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NSG170 Test 2: Gas Exchange and Perfusion Practice Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
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©PREP4EXAMS @2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Wednesday, July 17, 2024 1:27 AMNSG170 Test 2: Gas Exchange and Perfusion
Practice Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
Body systems involved in gas exchange - ✔️✔️Neurologic, respiratory, cardiovascular
Ischemia - ✔️✔️Insufficient flow of oxygenated blood to tissues
Hypoxia - ✔️✔️Insufficient oxygen reaching cells
Anoxia - ✔️✔️Total lack of oxygen in body tissues
Hypoxemia - ✔️✔️Reduced oxygenation of arterial blod
Medulla - ✔️✔️Part of the brain responsible for breathing
Process of breathing in the brain - ✔️✔️Chemoreceptors in the medulla sense carbon dioxide
levels. When these levels are elevated, receptors cause diaphragm and intercostal muscles to
contract
PaO2 - ✔️✔️Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood
SaO2 - ✔️✔️oxygen saturation, 95-100%
PaCO2 - ✔️✔️partial pressure of carbon dioxide, 35-45 mmHg
Lifespan Considerations for gas exchange - ✔️✔️Infants: Infants born before 30 weeks have a
higher risk of impaired gas exchange. Infants will breathe out of their noses until they are 3
months. Respiratory levels may be irregular with 10-25 second pauses between breaths.
Older adults: Decreased strength of respiratory muscles, weaker cough, dyspnea more
common, reduction in RBCs causes higher risk for anemia
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, ©PREP4EXAMS @2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Wednesday, July 17, 2024 1:27 AM
Causes of impaired ventilation - ✔️✔️Inadequate bone, muscle or nerve function; Narrowed
airways from constriction or obstruction; poor gas diffusion in the alveoli (pneumonia)
Symptoms of impaired gas exchange - ✔️✔️fatigue, tachypnea, tachycardia, low O2 level,
cyanosis, respiratory or metabolic acidosis, clubbed fingers, use of accessory muscles, barrel-
chest, tripoding
Risk factors for impaired gas exchange - ✔️✔️Age: Infants, young children, older adults;
tobacco use; allergies; air pollution
Why are infants at risk for impaired gas exchange? - ✔️✔️Fetal hemoglobin causes a shorter
lifespan for RBCs; Less alveolar surface area, narrower branching of airways
Lab tests for gas exchange - ✔️✔️Arterial blood gases, complete blood count, sputum culture,
skin tests, pathologic analysis, x-ray, CT scan, V/Q scan
Normal ABG values - ✔️✔️pH: 7.35-7.45
SaO2: 95-100%
PaO2: 80-100 mm Hg
PaCO2: 35-45 mm Hg
HCO3: 22-26 mEq/L (Lower = acidosis, higher = alkalosis)
Primary prevention methods for gas exchange - ✔️✔️Infection control, smoking cessation,
immunizations (flu)
Incentive spirometer - ✔️✔️Device used to encourage deep breathing; measures the air inhaled
as an outcome indicator; can prevent pneumonia and atelectasis (alveolar collapse)
Antihistamines - ✔️✔️Upper airway drugs that block histamine receptors to cause
vasoconstriction and decreased capillary permeability; Relieves symptoms of allergic rhinitis;
May cause drowsiness;
Ex: Loratidine (claritin), Dipenhydramine (benadryl)
Glucocorticoids - ✔️✔️Lower airway bronchodilater that reduces bronchial hyperactivity by
suppressing inflammation (decrease synthesis of inflammatory mediators)
Postural Drainage and chest physiotherapy - ✔️✔️Performed in order to loosen and move
secretions into large airways where they can be expectorated
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