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NSG170 Test 3: Fluid, electrolytes and metabolism Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
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NSG170 Test 3: Fluid, electrolytes and metabolism Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
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©PREP4EXAMS @2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Wednesday, July 17, 2024 1:27 AMNSG170 Test 3: Fluid, electrolytes and metabolism
Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
CMP - ✔️✔️A complete metabolic panel; contains 14 individual tests that measure electrolyte
levels, kidney function, glucose levels and heart function;Difference between CMP and BMP
- ✔️✔️A CMP contains all of the same tests as a BMP, plus more electrolyte levels.;BMP -
✔️✔️Basic metabolic panel; Measures a few electrolyte levels, kidney function, glucose
levels;Interrelated concepts for fluid and electrolyte - ✔️✔️Nutrition, mobility, hormonal
regulation, cognition, perfusion, gas exchange, acid base balance, elimination;Hypokalemia -
✔️✔️deficient potassium in the blood;Hypokalemia interventions - ✔️✔️Discontinue
diuretics/laxatives, switch to potassium-sparing diuretics, treat diarrhea or vomiting, use H2
blockers to prevent nasogastric suction losses, control hyperglycemia if glucosuria is
present;Hypokalemia - ✔️✔️Abnormally low potassium level in the blood;Hypokalemia
interventions - ✔️✔️Identify and stop cause of potassium loss, discontinue diuretics/laxatives,
use potassium-sparing diuretics if diuretic use is needed, treat diarrhea and vomiting, use H2
blockers to stop loss via NG suctioning, control hyperglycemia if glucosuria is present;What
is the most important electrolyte in the body? - ✔️✔️Potassium;Normal potassium range -
✔️✔️3.5-5.0 mEq/L;Hypokalemia signs and symptoms - ✔️✔️alkalosis, shallow respirations,
irritability, confusion, fatigue, arrhythmias, thready pulse, decreased motility,
paralysis;Hypokalemia causes - ✔️✔️Drugs (diuretics, laxatives, corticosteroids), inadequate
consumption (NPO, anorexia), too much water intake, Cushing's syndrome, fluid loss (NG
suction, wound drainage, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating), IV/oral potassium replacement;What
is important to remember for potassium IVs? - ✔️✔️No faster than 10-
20mEq/hour;Hyperkalemia symptoms - ✔️✔️dysrhythmias, irritability, low bp, muscle
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, ©PREP4EXAMS @2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Wednesday, July 17, 2024 1:27 AM
twitches, EKG changes (peaked T wave), diarrhea, abdominal cramping;Hyperkalemia
causes - ✔️✔️Metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, potassium sparing
diuretics, tissue breakdown, kidney disease;Hyperkalemia treatment - ✔️✔️Calcium gluconate,
insulin + glucose, albuterol, furosemide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium polystyrine sulfonate,
hemodialysis;What can potassium imbalance cause? - ✔️✔️cardiac dysrhythmias, fluid
balance issues, nerve communication interruption (paralysis);What is magnesium used for? -
✔️✔️Needed for energy production, glycolysis, provides a metabolic pathway for oxidizing
nutrients, regulates muscles and nerve function, regulates blood glucose levels, regulates
BP;Normal range for magnesium - ✔️✔️1.3 to 2.1 MEQ/L;Hypomagnesemia signs and
symptoms - ✔️✔️confusion, depression, irritability, nystagmus, arrythmias;Risk factors for
hypomagnesemia - ✔️✔️diuretic use, malnutrition, alcoholism, tetony;Nursing interventions
for hypomagnesemia - ✔️✔️oral magnesium, IV magnesium, proper nutrition, treating the
underlying cause, cardiac monitoring, assess digoxin toxicity, seizure precautions, monitor
airway, safety precautions for confusion/psychosis;Hypermagnesemia causes - ✔️✔️kidney
disease, too much intake, hyperthyroidism, tumor lysis, DKA,
rhabdomylosis;Hypermagnesemia treatment/interventions - ✔️✔️Meds/treatments: dialysis,
furosemide IV, hydration of .9% NaCl, calcium gluconate, calcium chloride,
Interventions: monitor vital signs (low bp, shallow resp), assess reflexes (no reflexes implies
high magnesium level, higher than 7.0), monitor LOC;What is the most abundant electrolyte?
- ✔️✔️Calcium;Calcium function - ✔️✔️strong bones, clotting, contractions, nerve
communication;Normal calcium levels - ✔️✔️9-10.5 mg/dL;Hypocalcemia signs and
symptoms - ✔️✔️Convulsions, arrhythmias, tetany, stridor, Chovstek sign (spasm of the face),
Trousseau sign (hand spasm when bp cuff is inflated);Hypocalcemia causes -
✔️✔️hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, hyperphosphatemia, hypomagnesium, septic
shock;Hypocalcemia treatment - ✔️✔️treat underlying cause, calcium gluconate, calcium
phosphate, calcium supplementation;How are calcium, magnesium and phosphorous levels
related? - ✔️✔️If you have low calcium, your phosphorous may be high. If you have If you
have low calcium, you may have low magnesium;Hypercalcemia signs and symptoms -
✔️✔️confusion, muscle weakness, bone pain, kidney stones, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest,
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