Cognates: - ANSWords that are related by descending from common ancestral languages. (e.g.,
family & familia, desert & desierto).
Continuous sounds: - ANSA sound that can be held for several seconds without distortion (i.e.,
/m/ /s/)
Dialects: - ANSVariants of a language
English Language Proficiency Levels (ELPS): - ANSTexas standards for language proficiency
for English learners.
· Beginning- Students at this level have little to no ability to understand spoken English.
· Intermediate- Student at this level have the ability to understand simple, high-frequency
spoken English used in routine settings.
· Advanced- Students at this level have the ability to understand, with appropriate support,
grade-appropriate spoken English.
· High advanced- Students at this level have the ability to understand, with minimal support
grade-appropriate spoken English.
Expressive language: - ANSLanguage which is spoken. Expressive capacity is the amount and
kind of language a person can produce.
Idiom: - ANSA phrase or expression that differs from the literal meaning of the words; a regional
or individual expression with a unique meaning. (e.g., it's raining cats and dogs)
Language Experience Approach (LEA) - ANSA learning engagement where students participate
in an experience, then through a whole-class discussion students contribute sentences about
the experience. The teacher writes these sentences on chart paper exactly as the students
dictate. This can then be used in a variety of learning experiences.
Oral language: - ANSSpoken language. There are five components of oral language:
· Phonology: the way a word is pronounced
· Morphology: the way words are formed: inflectional endings, etc.
· Syntax: sentence structure
· Semantics: definitions of words
· Pragmatics: how language is used in particular contexts
Receptive capacity: - ANSThe amount of oral language that can be heard and understood.
Silent period: - ANSA time where beginning-level English language learners listen actively but
do not produce oral language.
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