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PSY 130 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PSY 130 EXAM QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS
Research measures that involve watching children's unprompted behavior in
real-life settings are referred to as - ANSWER a naturalistic observations
The tendency to select socially acceptable answers is called - ANSWER response
bias
_____ refers to whether a measure measures what it is intended to measure -
ANSWER validity
in a correlational study _____ - ANSWER it is possible to determine whether two
variables are related, but not whether there is a causal relationship between the
variables
The variable in an experiment that is observed to see if it changes when another
variable is manipulated is called ______ - ANSWER dependent variable
Different sequences of children are tested longitudinally in a study with a ______ -
ANSWER longitudinal-sequential design
What is an ethical responsibility that researchers have to the participants in their
research? - ANSWER Researchers should minimize the potential for harm or stress
to their participants
The French philosopher, Jean Jacques Rousseau, believed that ____ - ANSWER
infants were born with an innate sense of justice and morality
An organized set of ideas that is designed to explain development is referred to as -
ANSWER a theory
The view that development is a result of the unfolding of a specific and prearranged
scheme or plan within the body is characteristic of ______ - ANSWER Arnold
Gesell's maturational theory
When a particular type of learning can take place only during a specific period, not
before or after that period, there is a(n) ________ for learning that behavior -
, ANSWER critical period
Sigmund Freud's psychodynamic theory _______ - ANSWER emphasizes the
influence of early experiences on later development.
Plato's idea about knowledge - ANSWER Plato argued that children are born with
knowledge of many concrete objects, such as animals and people, as well as with
knowledge of abstractions such as courage, love, and goodness.
-Children's experiences simply trigger knowledge they've had since birth (Innate)
Aristotle idea about knowledge - ANSWER He theorized that knowledge is rooted
in perceptual experience. Children acquire knowledge piece, based on the
information provided by their senses
John Locke - ANSWER Tabula Rosa - the mind is a blank slate written on by
experiences
Jean-Jacques Rousseau - ANSWER He believed that newborns are endowed with a
sense of justice and morality that unfolds naturally as children grow
Charles Darwin - ANSWER wrote baby biographies, detailed, systematic
observations of individual children.
-paved the way for objective, analytic research
G. Stanley Hall - ANSWER conducted studies to determine age trends in children's
beliefs about a range of topics
Alfred Binet - ANSWER created the first mental test
Sigmund Freud - ANSWER suggested that the experiences of early childhood
accounted for behavior in adulthood
John B. Watson - ANSWER reward and punishment
applied developmental science (p.24) - ANSWER uses developmental research to
promote healthy development, particularly for vulnerable children and families
Arnold Gessell - ANSWER proposed the (one of the biological theories)
maturational theory
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