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WGU D115 master set-Advanced Pathophysiology for the Advanced Practice Nurse Exam Latest Updated
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WGU D115 master set-Advanced Pathophysiology for the Advanced Practice Nurse Exam Latest Updated
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WGU D115 master set-AdvancedPathophysiology for the Advanced Practice
Nurse Exam Latest Updated
Which type of genetic disease affects males more frequently than females? - answer-Sex-
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Linked recessive. Since males only have one X and one Y, if the affected chromosome has
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n the illness, it will be expressed.
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In which two conditions are chromosomal abnormalities the leading known cause? -
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n answer-Intellectual disability and fetal miscarriage. Chromosome abnormalities are the
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n leading known cause of intellectual disability and fetal miscarriage.
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What are three examples of prenatal diagnostic studies? - answer-Chorionic villus
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n sampling (CVS), amniocentesis, and preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) are examples
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n of prenatal diagnostic studies and are performed in vitro. CVS is a form of genetic testing
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n that provides genetic information found in utero and is usually performed between weeks
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n 11 and 14 of pregnancy. An amniocentesis is a form of genetic testing that evaluates
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n amniotic fluid and is usually performed during the second trimester, between weeks 15
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n and 20 of pregnancy. PGT is performed on the embryo prior to implantation.
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,Which genetic disorder is characterized by the presence of a zygote having one
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n chromosome with a normal complement of genes and one chromosome with a missing
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n gene? - answer-Cri du chat syndrome (translated as "cry of the cat") is caused by a DNA
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n deletion. This term describes the cry often heard from a baby affected by the syndrome.
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n Cri du chat syndrome can present as a microcephalic, low birth-weight baby with a
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n piercing cry. n
How can an X-linked recessive disease skip generations? - answer-The disease can be
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n transmitted through female carriers. n n n
Since females have two copies of the X chromosome, the mother may provide an
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n unaffected X to a daughter or son. Furthermore, a daughter may not show signs of the
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n disease because she has the other X (the only X the father can give to a female) to cancel
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n it out.
n
Which type of risk is referred to as the ratio of the disease rate among the entire
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n population to the disease rate in an unexposed population? - answer-Relative risk is a
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n ratio of probability, not an actual occurrence of disease.
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What are the empirical risks for most multifactorial diseases based on? - answer-Many
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n factors from lifestyle to genetics affect multifactorial diseases. Observation and evaluation
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n of each case individually provides the most thorough and accurate assessment.
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What refers to the silenced gene of a gene pair. - answer-The imprinted gene is the silent
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n gene of a gene pair.
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What is the primary reason that some older adults have impaired inflammation and
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n wound healing? - answer-The underlying chronic illness exists.
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A generalized inflammatory response seen in chronic illness depletes the body's reserves
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n to fight against illness.
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,Which cells are the body's primary defense against parasite invasion? - answer-
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Eosinophils are the body's primary defense against parasites.
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What Phagocytes bacteria? - answer-Macrophages work by eating or phagocytosing
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n bacteria.
What is the first response to a foreign pathogen? - answer-Helper T cells
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Which characteristic is the most important determinant of immunogenicity when
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n considering the antigen? - answer-Immunogenicity is primarily based on the ability to
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n recognize something foreign. n n
How are erythrocytes destroyed when mismatched blood is administered, causing an ABO
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n incompatibility? - answer-The complement pathway is activated in response to blood
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n incompatibility.
What is the hypersensitivity reaction that causes atopic dermatitis? - answer-An
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n immediate (type I) hypersensitivity reaction causes atopic dermatitis.
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Which four infections are considered fungal infections? - answer-Infection with a fungus is
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n called mycosis and includes dermatophytes (e.g., tineas, which refers to several skin
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n mycoses, including ringworm and athlete's foot) and yeasts, which include candida and
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n aspergillus.
When is the earliest after sexual transmission of HIV that lab results can detect infection?
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n - answer-Lab testing can detect HIV RNA 4 to 10 days after sexual transmission, whereas
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n HIV antibody testing may take 23 to 90 days to result in a positive test. Repeat testing
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n may be needed to rule out a false negative test due to testing too soon after exposure,
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n especially if a high likelihood of exposure is suspected.
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, What is a characteristic of exotoxins? - answer-Exotoxins are released during bacterial
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n growth.
Which dietary lifestyle choice has been associated with a decreased risk for developing
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n colon cancer? - answer-The results of decreased fat consumption have been widely
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n studied and have demonstrated a decreased risk of developing colon cancer.
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Which cancer is an individual who has worked with asbestos for over 40 years most likely
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n to develop? - answer-Asbestos exposure results in an increased risk of lung and lung
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n lining cancer. n
Which statement is true regarding ultraviolet (UV) light?
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The degree of damage is not affected by the light's wavelength. - answer-UV light causes
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n basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma when the UVB rays hit DNA strands,
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n causing thymine base pairs that are side by side to pair together, becoming thymine
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n dimers. These thymine dimers lead to cell death or cancer.
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Which cancer does exercise have a convincing impact on reducing? - answer-Exercise-
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induced myokines cause apoptosis of colon cancer cells.
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Low healthcare literacy is recognized as a major risk factor in blood pressure control and
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n has been shown to have adverse effects on health outcomes.
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true or false - answer-TRUE
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By providing patient education at the appropriate literacy level, improved health
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n outcomes may result. n n
One of the goals of the National Action Plan to Improve Health Literacy is to incorporate
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n research and evidence-based plans of treatment from childhood through university-level
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n education in a manner consistent with an individual's literacy level.
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True or false - answer-True
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