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cardiac dysrhythmias Questions and Answers Graded A+
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cardiac dysrhythmias
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Dysrhythmia EAQWhich dysrhythmia is caused by atrial irritability?
A. Atrial fibrillation
B. Premature atrial complexes
C. Supraventricular tachycardia
D. Premature ventricular complexes - answerB. Premature atrial complexes
Premature atrial complexes will develop when the atrial tissue becomes irritated. The
ectopic focus generates impulses before the next normal sinus impulse, which causes
palpitations and a sense of the heart skipping a beat. Atrial fibrillation, supraventricular
tachycardia, and premature ventricular complexes are not caused by atrial irritability.
Which condition is a result of a hypereffective heart in a well-conditioned athlete?
A. Tachypnea
B. Dysrhythmia
C. Bradycardia
D. Cardiac arrest - answerC. Bradycardia
A hypereffective heart has a strong heart muscle that provides an adequate stroke
volume and a low heart rate to achieve a normal cardiac output. Bradycardia occurs
because of a hypereffective heart in a well-conditioned athlete. A dysrhythmia is an
irregular heart rate. Tachypnea is a key feature of sustained tachydysrhythmias. A
cardiac arrest is a temporary cessation of the heart.
Which statement correctly differentiates cardioversion from defibrillation?
A. Defibrillation is a synchronized shock delivered to depolarize the myocardium
simultaneously in atrial fibrillation.
B. Cardioversion is an asynchronous shock to the patient to convert ventricular
tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation.
C. Defibrillation delivers an electric shock to the heart; cardioversion involves use of a
temporary pacemaker to delivery the shock.
D. Cardioversion delivers a synchronized shock for ventricular tachycardia or
supraventricular tachycardia. - answerD. Cardioversion delivers a synchronized shock
for ventricular tachycardia or supraventricular tachycardia.
Cardioversion involves the delivery of a synchronized electric shock to terminate
unstable ventricular or supraventricular rhythms. It is not useful in ventricular fibrillation
,because all electrical activity is disorganized with no ability to synchronize. Defibrillation
delivers an asynchronous countershock, depolarizing a critical mass of the myocardium
to stop the re-entry circuit in ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia,
allowing the sinus node to regain control of the heart.
Which cardiac rhythm typically deteriorates into ventricular fibrillation (VF)?
A. Atrial flutter
B. Atrial fibrillation
C. Ventricular tachycardia (VT)
D. Third-degree heart block - answerC. Ventricular tachycardia (VT)
VT may occur in patients with ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction (MI),
cardiomyopathy, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, valvular heart disease, heart failure,
drug toxicity, hypotension, or ventricular aneurysm. In patients who go into cardiac
arrest, VT is commonly the initial rhythm before deteriorating into VF as the terminal
rhythm. Atrial fibrillation and flutter are not life-threatening rhythms. Third-degree heart
block is related to ischemia or scarring in the atrioventricular node, which slows the rate,
rather than making the heart irritable as in VT and fibrillation.
To decrease dysrhythmias, which food does the nurse suggest for a patient who is at
risk for potassium imbalance?
A. Grapes
B. Apples
C. Turnips
D. Strawberries - answerD. Strawberries
Potassium-containing foods include citrus, tomatoes, beans, prunes, avocados,
bananas, strawberries, and lettuce. Turnips, grapes, and apples are not foods high in
potassium.
Which risk factor is known to contribute to atrial fibrillation (AF)? Select all that apply.
A. Palpitations
B. Advancing age
C. High blood pressure
D. Excessive alcohol use
E. Use of beta-adrenergic blockers - answerB. Advancing age
C. High blood pressure
D. Excessive alcohol use
The incidence of AF increases with age. Risk factors include hypertension, previous
ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack or other thromboembolic event, coronary
heart disease, diabetes mellitus, heart failure and mitral valve disease, obesity,
Caucasian race, and excessive alcohol. Beta-adrenergic blocking agents, which reduce
, heart rate, are used to treat AF. Palpitations are a symptom of atrial fibrillation rather
than a risk or a cause.
The nurse identifies that which medication will be given to a patient who presents to the
emergency department with chest pain, shortness of breath, diaphoresis, hypotension,
and a heart rate of 56 beats/min?
A. Digoxin
B. Atropine
C. Verapamil
D. Propranolol - answerB. Atropine
The administration of atropine along with IV fluids will increase intravascular volume and
help to manage bradycardia. Beta blockers such as propranolol are not administered to
patients with bradycardia. Cardiac glycoside (digoxin) and calcium channel blockers
(verapamil) will further decrease the heart rate and worsen the symptoms.
Which complication is associated with carotid sinus massage therapy? Select all that
apply.
A. Sinus bradycardia
B. Cerebral damage
C. Ventricular fibrillation
D. Premature atrial complexes
E. Premature ventricular complexes - answerA. Sinus bradycardia
B. Cerebral damage
C. Ventricular fibrillation
Supraventricular tachydysrhythmias are treated temporarily by carotid sinus massage
therapy. Complications of this therapy include bradycardia, cerebral damage, and
ventricular fibrillation. Premature atrial complexes are caused by irritated atrial tissue,
which is not associated with carotid sinus massage therapy. Premature ventricular
complexes are caused by irritated ventricular tissue, which is also not associated with
carotid sinus massage therapy.
The nurse monitors for which adverse effect when administering acebutolol to a patient?
A. Tremors
B. Insomnia
C. Blurred vision
D. Bronchospasm - answerD. Bronchospasm
Acebutolol hydrochloride is a beta-blocking agent. It causes sudden constriction of the
muscles in the walls of the bronchioles, which in turn causes bronchospasm. Flecainide
acetate causes tremors. Propafenone hydrochloride affects the sleep cycle and causes
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