Selected Theorist And Theories Of
Nursing(NUR122) Questions And
Answers With Verified Solutions Already
Passed(Graded A+)
Florence Nightingale (1860) - ANSWER✔✔ Meeting the personal needs of the
patient within the environment. Concern for the environment of the patient,
including cleanliness, ventilation, temperature, light, diet, and noise
Hildegard Peplau (1952) - ANSWER✔✔ Nursing is a therapeutic, interpersonal,
and goal-oriented process. Nursing interventions are directed toward developing
the patient's personality for productive personal and community living.
Virginia Henderson (1955) - ANSWER✔✔ The patient is a person who requires
help to reach independence.
Nursing practice is independent; autonomous nursing functions are identified,
and self-help concepts are described.
Faye Abdellah (1960) - ANSWER✔✔ Nursing is a problem-solving art in science
used to identify the nursing problems of patients as they move toward health and
cope with illness related health needs
Ida Jean Orlando (1961) - ANSWER✔✔ The nurse reacts to the patient's verbal
and nonverbal expression of needs both to understand the meaning of the
distress and to know what is needed to alleviate it. Uses the nursing process to
provide solutions to problems as well as to prevent problems.
, Ernestine Wiedenbach (1964) - ANSWER✔✔ Nursing as an art; nursing is
providing nurturing care to patients. Clinical nursing includes a philosophy, a
purpose, the practice, and the art. Care is directed toward a specific purpose to
meet the patient's perceived health care needs.
Lydia E. Hall (1966) - ANSWER✔✔ Focus is on rehabilitation, encompassing
nursing's autonomy, the therapeutic use of self, treatment within the health care
team (cure), and nurturing (care).
The major outcome of nursing care is rehabilitation and feelings of self-
actualization by the patient.
Myra E. Levine (1967) - ANSWER✔✔ Emphasis is on the ill person in the health
care setting; describes detailed nursing skills and actions. The patient is the center
of nursing activities, with nursing care provided based on four conservation
principles to help patients adapt to their environment.
Martha Rogers (1970) - ANSWER✔✔ Emphasis on the science and art of nursing,
with the unitary human being central to the discipline of nursing. Nursing
interventions are directed toward repatterning human environment fields or
assisting in mobilizing inner resources.
Dorothea Orem (1971) - ANSWER✔✔ Self-care is a human need; self-care deficits
require nursing actions. Nursing is a human service, and nurses design
interventions to provide or to manage self-care actions for sustaining health or
recovering from illness or injury.
Imogene King (1971) - ANSWER✔✔ The patient is a personal system within a
social system; the nurse and the patient experience each other and the situation,
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