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Microbiology Exam 2 Question and answers already passed

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  • Microbiology
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  • Microbiology

Microbiology Exam 2 Question and answers already passed Microbiology - correct answer The specialized area of biology that deals with organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye 6 major groups of microorganisms - correct answer 1. Bacteria 2. Algae 3. Protozoa 4. Helminths 5. ...

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  • August 11, 2024
  • 41
  • 2024/2025
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  • Questions & answers

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  • Microbiology
  • Microbiology

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Microbiology Exam 2
Are Viruses Living or Nonliving? - correct answer ✔They are only considered
living when they are inside of a host cell, using their resources and energy.


Outside of a host they are considered intert.


When are Viruses considered to be "alive"? - correct answer ✔When they
are inside of a host cell.


When inside, their nucleic acid (ONLY RNA OR DNA) become active.
*Virus replicates


Obligatory Intracellular Parasites - correct answer ✔Require livinghost cell in
order to multiply - Such as Viruses.


Defining a Virus - correct answer ✔1) Contains 1 Nucleic Acid (DNA or RNA)
2) Protein coat surrounds the DNA or RNA
3)Multiply within host using host machinery
---because they don't have the ways of making/obtaining their own nutrients.
like ATP or enzymes.


Virus Characteristics - correct answer ✔*Some are enclosed by an envelope
which consists of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates


*some have spikes

,*only infect the cells of ONE host.


Host Range - correct answer ✔The spectrum of host cells that a virus can
infect.
-invertebrates
-vertebrates
-plants
-protist
-fungi
-bacteria


The virus must be able to attach to a the particular host's cell.


**Host range is determined b specific attachment sites on the host cell's
surface


Bacteriophages - correct answer ✔Bacteria that is infected by a virus


How do Viruses attach to a host cell - correct answer ✔Through receptors on
the host cell's surface.
There must be an interaction.


Capsid - correct answer ✔Protein coat that surrounds the Nucleic Acid of a
virus. (not the whole virus itself. That's an envelope.)


****Made up of individualized Capsomeres****

,*accounts for most of the mass of a viral cell.


Capsomeres - correct answer ✔Protein subunits that make up a capsid


(think of tiny balls that come together to make a huge coating around the
Nucleic Acid)


*capsomeres can be made up of multiple types of proteins or one single type
of protein


Envelope - correct answer ✔Surrounds the virus as a whole.
*Synonymus to a somatic cell's Plasma Membrane. But around a virus.


***Composed of proteins, lipids and carbs.


*Could be covered in spikes


NOT ALL VIRUSES HAVE ENVELOPES


Spikes - correct answer ✔Cover the envelope of the cell
Composed of protein and carbohydrates.


-Used for attachment to the host cell


Spikes differ, and can be identified as different virus by the host body. That's
why you can get the flu more than once a year, there's a change in spikes.
-Can be used for identification for some virsus under microscope.

, Helical Capsid - correct answer ✔Long rods that are flexible and rigid


These surround the Nucleic Acid.


*Capsids are hollow cylinders surrounding the nucleic acid.


*CAN OR CANNOT HAVE A ENVELOPE.


Without envelope = they look like long noodles, because it's just the capsid
and no sphereical shape
WITH the envelope = they look like balls, but with their Nucleic acids all
tangled inside.


Polyhedrical Capsid - correct answer ✔These are icosahedron, and are 20
triangle shapes, with 12 corners.


THEY CAN BE WITH OR WITHOUT ENVELOPE
-Without envelope, you can see their individual caposomere and their many
different triangular faces of the Capsid


WITH envelope, they appear ordinarily spherical, and like a normal cell.
(Some have spikes)


Complex Capsid - correct answer ✔They have a variety of weird shapes
within the one virus cell, and look just straight up weird.


They can be bacteriaphages and just look mutuant

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