Class notes
BIOL 234 Circulatory System
- Course
- BIOL 234
- Institution
- Marymount Manhattan College
Physiology lecture notes on circulatory system
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4/24/2024Blood consists of formed elements and plasma
- Red blood cells (erythrocytes, with erythro- meaning red; most numerous cells)
- Platelets (thrombocytes - thrombo meaning clot, helps with clotting)
- White blood cells (leukocytes)
1. Functions of the circulatory system
a. Transportation of respiratory gasses, nutrients, and wastes
b. Regulation of hormones and body temperature
c. Protection with clotting and immunity
2. Cardiovascular system
a. Heart - four chambered pump *know the flow from cardiovascular and pulmonary
b. Blood vessels - arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins
i. Diffusion takes place in the capillaries with their thin layer of simple
squamous tissues. Then contents are reabsorbed into the venule side of
the capillaries
3. Lymphatic system
a. Lymphatic vessels, lymphoid tissues, lymphatic organs (spleen, thymus, tonsils,
lymph nodes)
b. Prevents edema by making sure that fluid continues flowing into the veins; lymph
recycled into the blood
4. Blood composition
a. Average adult volume is around 5 liters
b. Arterial blood leaves the heart; bright red and oxygenated except for blood going
to the lungs
c. Venous blood enters the heart; dark red and deoxygenated except for blood
returning from the lungs
d. 45% from elements; 55% from plasma
e. Plasma: water and dissolved solutes
5. Blood values
a. Blood pH - 7.4
b. Hemoglobin
i. 12-16 g/100 female
ii. 13.5 - 17.5 g/100 mL male
1. Should be about 15 g/100 mL generally
iii. RBC- 4.5 to 5.9 million
iv. WBC - 4.500 to 11,000
v. Glucose - 75 to 115 mg/dL (fasted)
c. Plasma proteins - make up 7-8 percent of plasma
i. Albumin - creates osmotic pressure to help draw water from tissues into
capillaries to maintain blood volume and pressure
ii. Proteins and blood are two things that should never leave the body via
urination
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