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Microbiology EXAM 1 Question and answers 100% correct

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Microbiology EXAM 1 Question and answers 100% correct Major goals of microbiology - correct answer - understand the diversity and functioning of microbial life - apply our understanding of microbial life to benefit human and natural systems What is a microbe? - correct answer *A microbe ...

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  • August 11, 2024
  • 92
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • Microbiology
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Microbiology EXAM 1
Major goals of microbiology - correct answer ✔- understand the diversity and
functioning of
microbial life
- apply our understanding of microbial life to
benefit human and natural systems


What is a microbe? - correct answer ✔*A microbe is a living organism that
requires a
microscope to be seen* (vague definition with exceptions)


- Microbial cells range in size from millimeters (mm) to 0.2
micrometer (mm)
- Some microbes consist of a single cell (bacteria,
yeasts), but some can be multicellular (filamentous fungi)
- Each microbe contains in its genome the capacity to
reproduce its own kind


-DIVERSE


Microbes across the tree of life - correct answer ✔they are in all three
domains - Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya


Challenges to microbe definition - correct answer ✔-Supersized microbes:
Thiomargarita namibiensis
comparable to size of fruit fly head

,-Mimivirus has 911 genes cf with HIV 9 genes (but CANNOT reproduce by
itself)


-Mushrooms and other fungi?


-microbial communities (what is one unit of microbe?)


Despite our somewhat ambiguous definition,
microbiology is united by a few things - correct answer ✔You generally need
a microscope
- Many other tools are also similar despite the specific
taxa of interest
- Many of the same habitats contain a mix of different
microbial types


History of microbes (stages) - correct answer ✔-Microbes have been around
since ~4 bya


-Discovery, Medical and general microbio
-Era of molecular biology and general microbio
-Molecular microbiology and the -omics


Early days of microbiology (early humans) - correct answer ✔-Humans used
microbes long before we knew what they were


-DNA of wine yeast found in wine jars of

,King Scorpion I of Egypt (3150 BC)
-Residues of lipids of milk pots
indicates cheese production (6500 to
6000 BC)


Early days: Quantifying the significance of
infectious disease - correct answer ✔Florence Nightingale


-Popularized infographics
before infographics were cool
-Her message: Poor sanitary
conditions are killing soldiers
and need to be improved
-Exact causes of disease were
not known, but putting
infections in relative context of
overall deaths was critical


Early days: Observing microbial cells - correct answer ✔Hooke and van
Leeuwenhoek
observed microbes for
the first time (mid 1600s)


-Drawing of Mucor by Robert
Hooke in Micrographia (1665) - this is on strawberries

, -van Leeuwenhoek
discovered bacteria during an inquiry of taste and spices... animalcules


Early days: Putting Spontaneous Generation to Rest - correct answer
✔Spontaneous generation posited that living creatures could arise without
parental organisms


-Lazzaro Spallanzani (sealed and opened flask = what if no O2 provided?)
-Louis Pasteur (swan neck flask - tipping flask putrefies liquid)


Early days: One of Pasteur's lesser known contributions - correct answer
✔Industrialization of cheese
and other fermented foods


Staff at Institut Pasteur made Camembert white


-usually green but find white mutant of Penicillium


John Tyndall - correct answer ✔Irish scientist working in late 1880's


spores in broth (persistent!) ... contact with Pasteur


showed that repeated cycles of heat were necessary to eliminate endospores
formed by certain kinds of bacteria


Robert Koch - correct answer ✔German physician
First to carefully link cause and effect in infectious disease (1870s)

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