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Phil 101 exam 2 Questions With Complete Solutions
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Phil 101 exam 2 Questions With Complete Solutions
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Phil 101 exam 2 Questions With Complete SolutionsJeremy Bentham Correct Answers (1748-1832)
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Co Founder of utilitarianism
Consequentialist ethics
Hedonistic
Right or wrong based on how much pain or pleasure
"Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two
sovereign masters"
Utilitarianism Correct Answers The theory, proposed by
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Jeremy Bentham in the late 1700s, that government actions are
useful only if they promote the greatest good for the greatest
number of people.
The principle of utility Correct Answers Approves or
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disapproves of certain actions
Augments happiness (good)
Diminishes happiness (bad)
Utility
Property in any object, whereby it tends to produce benefit,
advantage, pleasure, good, or happiness
And to prevent mischief, pain, evil or unhappiness
Utilitarianism calculated by... Correct Answers Intensity
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(stronger pleasure the better)
Certainty (how likely will pleasure occur?, what are the odds?)
Proximity (the sooner the better)
Duration (the longer, the better)
Purity (the more pleasure unmixed with pain the better)
, Fruitfulness (how likely will this pleasure lead to other
pleasures)--fecundity
Extent (make other people happy, not just yourself)
--Can include animals
fecundity Correct Answers the ability to produce an abundance
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of offspring or new growth; fertility.
ability to produce many new ideas
Bentham's Hedonistic Calculus measures Correct Answers
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QUANTITY (intensity, proximity, duration, purity fruitfulness,
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extent)
Mill adds one more criteria, THE MOST IMPORTANT →
QUALITY
Bentham's Two Sovereign Masters Correct Answers pleasure
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and pain
John Stuart Mill Correct Answers cofounder of utilitarianism
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1806-1873
pleasure with the exemption of pain!
Mill's hedonistic theory Correct Answers maximize pleasure,
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minimize pain
Utilitarianism is a consequentialist theory Correct Answers
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only the consequences of an action are morally relevant
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