Chapter 4 Microbiology UTA Questions
And Answers With Verified Solutions
Already Passed!!! ||Updated 2024
Appendages of bacteria: - ANSWER✔✔ flagella, fimbriae, and pilus
Appendages provide: - ANSWER✔✔ Motility (flagella & axial filaments) &
attachment points (fimbriae & pili)
-common, but not present in all
Flagella - ANSWER✔✔ -self propulsion, most commonly in aqueous environment
-found in more in spirilla & bacilli, less common in cocci
-extremely thin, observed through electron microscopy
Arrangements of flagella: - ANSWER✔✔ -Polar: monotrichous (1 polar end),
lophotrichous (multiple on 1 polar end), amphitrichous (both polar ends)
-Peritrichous (non-polar: it is located on the side of the organism instead of a
polar end)
Flagella structure: - ANSWER✔✔ -extensions from cell wall & membrane
-composed of proteins
-360˚ counterclockwise rotation
-receptors bind w/ molecules to active flagella (gradient of protons - H+)
Chemotaxis: - ANSWER✔✔ Use of flagella to respond to a chemical in the
environment
, -type of motion depends on chemicals
Run motion of chemotaxis/phototaxis: - ANSWER✔✔ Smooth linear direction
towards/away from chemicals
Tumble motion of chemotaxis/phototaxis: - ANSWER✔✔ Changing directions
causing to stop/reversal
Phototaxis: - ANSWER✔✔ Response to light
Axial filaments: - ANSWER✔✔ Periplasmic flagella, two or more long, coiled
threads
-wiggly motion
-between cell wall & membrane
-contraction tightens coil causing a roaring/twirling motion
Fimbria: - ANSWER✔✔ Small fibers sprouting rom bacteria cells
-function: attachment
-mostly protein
-important in biofilms
-contributes to pathogenesis (like pathogens, once its attached, it is hard to
remove)
Pilus: - ANSWER✔✔ Tubular extension
-main function: conjugation(transfer of DNA between bacteria cells
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