Sound stimulus - ANSWER-the periodic variations in air pressure traveling out from the source
Sound waves - ANSWER-the waves of pressure changes that occur in the air as a function of the
vibration of a source
Medium of sound - ANSWER-A material (solid, liquid, or gas, or combination of these) t...
PSYC 230 UIUC Exam 1 Exam Questions
|Already Answered | Graded A+
Sound stimulus - ANSWER-the periodic variations in air pressure traveling out from the source
Sound waves - ANSWER-the waves of pressure changes that occur in the air as a function of the
vibration of a source
Medium of sound - ANSWER-A material (solid, liquid, or gas, or combination of these) through which a
wave travels. In water, sound travels 4x faster than it does through air.
pure tones - ANSWER-A sound wave in which changes in air pressure follow a sine wave pattern.
amplitude - ANSWER-the difference between the peak and the baseline of a wave (height of wave).
loudness - ANSWER-Perceptual experience of amplitude
Loud sounds can be dangerous - ANSWER-Prolonged contact to sounds over 85 dB can eventually cause
hearing loss. Sounds louder than 120 dB are painful. Sounds louder than 130 dB will generally result in
immediate and permanent hearing loss.
Frequency - ANSWER-The number of cycles in a sound stimulus that occur in 1 second
Pitch - ANSWER-The subjective experience of frequency
what unit is used to measure sound amplitude? - ANSWER-Hertz (Hz)
What is the hearing range of humans and how does it change with age? - ANSWER-20-20,000 Hz. As
people age, hearing in the highest range dissipates. Lowest frequencies tend to remain stable with age.
Eustachian tube - ANSWER-Connects the middle ear with the pharynx. Equalizes air pressure on either
side of the eardrum
Tensor tympani and Stapedius - ANSWER-Muscles attached to the malleus and stapes
Incus (anvil) - ANSWER-The middle bone which is connected to the malleus and hammer, passes
vibrations onto the stapes.
Ossicles - ANSWER-3 small bones in the middle ear that conduct sound mechanically, goal is to amplify
sounds
Malleus (hammer) - ANSWER-Affixed to the tympanic membrane and acts on the incus
Stapes (stirrups) - ANSWER-Vibrates against oval window creating pressure waves leading to
transduction by hair cells on basilar membrane in cochlea
, Inner ear - ANSWER-*Cochlea
Liquid filled chambers within cochlea:
-Tympanic canal
-Middle canal
-Vestibular canal
Membranes within cochlea:
-Reissner's membrane
-Basilar membrane
-Round window
functions: transduce sound into a neural signal
Cochlea - ANSWER-Snail-shaped structure of the inner ear that houses the hair cells that transduce
sound into a neural signal.
Tympanic canal - ANSWER-One of three fluid-filled chambers in the cochlea. Vibrations travel down it.
Middle canal - ANSWER-One of three fluid-filled passages in the cochlea. In between the tympanic and
vestibular canals.
Vestibular canal - ANSWER-One of the 3 fluid filled chambers of the Cochlea. Vibrations travel down it,
but not the tympanic canal.
Reissner's membrane - ANSWER-A thin sheath of tissue separating the vestibular and middle canals in
the cochlea.
Basilar membrane - ANSWER-Composed of fibers, like the base that contains the very important cells
involved in transduction. Contains the organ of corti.
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