Exam (elaborations)
PA (ASCP) CERTIFICATION EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
- Course
- Institution
PA (ASCP) CERTIFICATION EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
[Show more]
Content preview
PA (ASCP) CERTIFICATION EXAMQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
SOLUTIONS 2024
Hypertrophy - ANSWER Increased cell and organ size, often in response to increased workload: induced
by mechanical stress and by growth factors; occurs in tissue incapable of cell division
Hyperplasia - ANSWER Increased cell numbers in response to hormones and other growth factors; occurs
in tissues whose cells are able to divide
Atrophy - ANSWER Decreased cell and organ size, as a result of decreased nutrient supply or disuse:
associated with decreased synthesis and increased proteolytic breakdown of cellular organelles
Metaplasia - ANSWER Change in phenotype of differentiated cells, often a response to chronic irritation
that makes cells better able to withstand the stress
Hypoxia - ANSWER Oxygen deficiency which interferes with aerobic oxidative respirations and is an
extremely important and common cause of cell injury and death
Ischemic - ANSWER Loss of blood supply in a tissue due to impeded arterial flow or reduced venous
drainage
Coagulative necrosis - ANSWER A form of tissue necrosis in which the component cells are dead but the
basic tissue architecture is preserved for at least several days
Liquefactive necrosis - ANSWER A form of necrosis seen in focal bacterial or occasionally fungal
infections because microbes stimulate the accumulation of inflammatory cells and the enzymes of
leukocytes digest the tissue
Caseous necrosis - ANSWER A form of necrosis encountered most often in foci of tuberculous infections
Fat necrosis - ANSWER Term referring to focal areas of fat destruction, typically resulting from release of
activated pancreatic lipases into the peritoneal cavity
,Fibrinous necrosis - ANSWER A special form of necrosis usually seen in immune reactions involving blood
vessels
Autophagy - ANSWER Lysosomal digestion of the cell's own components
Apoptosis - ANSWER A pathway of cell death that is induced by a tightly regulated suicide program in
which the cells destined to die activate enzymes capable of degrading the cells own nuclear DNA
Steatosis (fatty change) - ANSWER Refers to any abnormal accumulation of triglycerides within
parenchymal cells It is most often seen in the liver
Dystrophic calcification - ANSWER Depositions of calcium at sites of cell injury and necrosis
Metastatic calcification - ANSWER Deposition of calcium in normal tissues, caused by hypercalcemia
(usually a consequence of parathyroid hormone excess)
Inflammation - ANSWER A protective response intended to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury as
well as the necrotic cells and tissues resulting from the original insult
Acute inflammation - ANSWER A rapid response to injury or microbes and other foreign substance that is
designed to deliver leukocytes and plasma proteins to sites of injury
Serous inflammation - ANSWER Fluid in a serous cavity
Serous inflammation is marked by fluid transudates, reflecting moderately increased vascular
permeability. Such accumulations in the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities are called effusions;
Effusion - ANSWER Fluid in a serous cavity ,
,Fibrinous inflammation - ANSWER Inflammation occurring as a consequence of more severe injuries,
resulting in greater vascular permeability that allows large molecules (such as fibrinogen) to pass the
endothelial barrier
Abscess - ANSWER Focal collections of pus that may be caused by seeding of pyogenic organisms into a
tissue or by secondary infections of necrotic foci
Ulcer - ANSWER A local defect or excavation of the surface of an organ or tissue that is produced by
necrosis of cells and sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue
Cytokines - ANSWER Polypeptide products of many cell types that function as mediators of inflammation
and immune responses
Chronic inflammation - ANSWER Prolonged inflammation in which active inflammation, tissue injury, and
healing proceed simultaneously
Granulomatous inflammation - ANSWER A distinctive pattern of chronic inflammation characterized by
aggregates of activated macrophages that assume an epithelioid appearance
Repair - ANSWER The restoration of tissue architecture and function after an injury
Regeneration - ANSWER The process of replacing damaged tissue components and essentially returning
to a normal state
Fibrosis - ANSWER The extensive deposition of collagen that occurs in the lungs, liver, kidney and other
organs as a consequence of chronic inflammation
Angiogenesis - ANSWER A critical process in healing at sites of ischemia where a preexisting vessel sends
out capillary sprouts to produce new vessels
Keloid - ANSWER A prominent raised scar caused by the accumulation of exuberant amounts of collagen
, Edema - ANSWER Significant increased fluid in the interstitial tissue spaces
Anasarca - ANSWER Severe and generalized edema with profound subcutaneous tissue swelling
Hyperemia - ANSWER A local increase in blood volume that is an active process from augmented blood
flow due to arteriolar dilation
Congestion - ANSWER A local increase in blood volume that is a passive process resulting from impaired
venous return out of a tissue
Hematoma - ANSWER The accumulation of blood confined within a tissue after a hemorrhage
Normal hemostasis - ANSWER A tightly regulated process that maintains blood in a fluid, clot-free state
in normal vessels while inducing the rapid formation of a localized hemostatic plug at the site of vascular
injury
Thrombosis - ANSWER Blood clot (thrombus) formation in uninjured vessels or thrombotic occlusion of a
vessel after relatively minor injury
Lines of Zahn - ANSWER The grossly and microscopically apparent lamination in a thrombi representing
pale platelet and fibrin layers alternating with darker erythrocyte-rich layers
Embolism - ANSWER A detached intravascular solid, liquid, or gaseous mass that is carried by the blood
to a site distant from its point of origin
Infarct - ANSWER An area of ischemic necrosis caused by occlusion of either the arterial supply or the
venous drainage in a particular tissue
Shock - ANSWER The final common pathway for a number of potentially lethal events that causes
systemic hypoperfusion due to either reduced cardiac output or reduced circulating blood volume
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Performance. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67163 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now