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ASCP MOLECULAR BIOLOGY CERTIFICATION EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024 $16.49   Add to cart

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ASCP MOLECULAR BIOLOGY CERTIFICATION EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024

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  • ASCP CERTIFICATION

ASCP MOLECULAR BIOLOGY CERTIFICATION EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024

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  • August 11, 2024
  • 42
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • ASCP CERTIFICATION
  • ASCP CERTIFICATION
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ASCP MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
CERTIFICATION EXAM QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
Pyrimidine - ANSWER One carbon ring

Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil



Purine - ANSWER Two carbon rings

Adenine, Guanine



How are nucleotides joined together? - ANSWER Condensation to form phosphodiester bond



What is the function of mRNA? - ANSWER Carries genetic info out of nucleus

Transcript translated to protein



What is the function of tRNA? - ANSWER Carries aa to ribosome

Anticodon pairs with codon on mRNA strand



What is the function of rRNA? - ANSWER part of ribosome structure

most abundant RNA

coordinated coupling of tRNA to mRNA codons



Feedback inhibition - ANSWER Product of pathway is noncompetitive inhibitor

Binds to allosteric site to slow down rxn b/c too much product



Exonucleases - ANSWER Degrades nucleic acids by removing one terminal nt at a time

Cleaves phosphodiester bond at end of chain

5' --> 3' and 3' --> 5'

,Endonucleases (Prok) - ANSWER Restriction enzymes

Cleaves phoshpodiester bonds w/i poly-nt chain

Recognition site is palindromic sequence

Types I-V



ORI sites - ANSWER nt sequence where replication is initiated



Topoisomerase I - ANSWER Induces ss breaks

Remove DNA supercoils during TXN and DNA replication; for strand breakage during recombination; for
chr condensation; and to disentangle intertwined DNA during mitosis



topoisomerase II - ANSWER cuts both strands of one DNA double helix, passes another unbroken DNA
helix through it, and then reanneals the cut strands



Gyrase (topoisomerase II) - ANSWER Unwinds supercoiling caused by unwinding at the rep fork by
introducing DSBs



Helicase - ANSWER Breaks H-bonds of double helix at the replication fork



Primase - ANSWER DNApol α (DNA dep RNA pol)

adds short segments of complementary

RNA to ssDNA template (primers), serves as starting points for replication



single-strand DNA binding proteins (SSBPs) - ANSWER Binds ssDNA and prevents it from re-annealing
during TXN, replication, repair, and recombination



Okazaki fragments - ANSWER Short fragments of DNA synthesized by DNApol δ using the lagging strand
(3'->5') as a template



Ligase - ANSWER Closes gaps in DNA

,Catalyzes phosphodiester bond between 3'OH and 5'P



What are the steps in DNA replication? - ANSWER 1. Initiate

2. Elongate

3. Terminate



Telomeres - ANSWER Repeat sequence (TTAGGG) at the ends of chr, protect chr from degradation



RNA polymerase - ANSWER DNA dependent RNApol

Transcribes DNA template to RNA (3'-->5'; anti-parallel)



Splicesomes - ANSWER Complex of snRNPs

Removes introns from pre-mRNA and splices exons together



Enhancers - ANSWER Short regions of DNA that bind proteins (TXN factors) that enhance TXN of a gene



Poly-A tail - ANSWER Prevents mRNA from being degraded in cytoplasm

100-250 A's at 3' end



5' cap - ANSWER 5'-5' pyrophosphate bridge to a methylated G added to 5' end of a mRNA

Protects against degradation and as a recognition signal for TLN apparatus



aminoacyl tRNA - ANSWER tRNAs that carry amino acids



Ribosomes - ANSWER Where TLN occurs

Prok: 30s and 50s

Euk: 40s and 60s

Catalyzes peptide bond between a.a.'s

, What is the path of a tRNA in a ribosome? - ANSWER Acceptor > Peptidyl > Exit



How is translation initiated? - ANSWER small rRNA (40S) subunit binds mRNA and scans for start codon
(AUG)

Met-tRNA is brought to the P site

Large rRNA (60S) subunit binds



How is translation terminated? - ANSWER Occurs when stop codon enters A site

Release factor recognizes stop codon, hydrolyzes ester bond with P site, releasing aa chain



Reverse transcriptase - ANSWER enzyme that transcribes RNA to cDNA (lacks introns)

RNA --> RNA:DNA --> cDNA (dsDNA)



Pleiotrophy - ANSWER a single gene controls the expression of many phenotypic traits

ie Sickle Cell Anemia



cDNA - ANSWER intron free complementary DNA

can be inserted into a plasmid



Vector - ANSWER helps carry DNA into cell

ie plasmids, virus



Open Reading Frame (ORF) - ANSWER sections of DNA that begin with start codons and end with stop
codons

DNA: 5' --> 3'

transcription: 3' --> 5' DNA --> RNA (promoter)

translation: 5' --> 3' mRNA



Spectrophotometer - ANSWER Measures amount of light absorbed

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