NRS 230 Final Exam: penicillins & drugs that weaken bacterial cell wall | Questions and Answers 2024
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Nursing \\OBGYN
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Nursing \\OBGYN
NRS 230 Final Exam: penicillins & drugs that weaken bacterial cell wall | Questions and Answers 2024
why are penicillin ideal abx? ** Answ** 1. active against a wide variety of bacteria
2. low direct toxicity
what type of abx is penicillin? ** Answ** a beta-lactam antibiotic
NRS 230 Final Exam: penicillins & drugs that weaken
bacterial cell wall | Questions and Answers 2024
why are penicillin ideal abx? ** Answ** 1. active against a wide variety of bacteria
2. low direct toxicity
what type of abx is penicillin? ** Answ** a beta-lactam antibiotic
Penicillin MOA ** Answ** weaken the cell wall by...
1. inhibiting transpeptidases that are critical to cell wall synthesis
2. disinhibition of autolysins and promoting cell wall destruction
what is the molecular target of penicillins? ** Answ** PBPs (penicillin binding
proteins)
where are PBPs located? ** Answ** the outer surface of the cytoplasmic membrane
when do bacteria express PBP and what does this mean for penicillins? ** Answ** -
only expressed during growth and development
-penicillins only work against bacteria undergoing growth and development
Are penicillins bactericidal or bacteriostatic? ** Answ** bactericidal
what are the 3 mechanisms of bacterial resistance against penicillin? ** Answ** 1.
inability of penicillins to reach PBP (can't get through envelope of gram - bacteria to get
to PBP)
2. inactivation of penicillins by bacterial enzymes (penicillinase that cleaves beta-lactam
ring)
3. production of PBPs that has low affinity for penicillins (MRSA-penicillin doesn't bind)
can penicillins penetrate gram positive and gram negative bacteria? ** Answ** all
penetrate gram positive and SOME penetrate gram negative
what are the 4 classes of penicillins? ** Answ** 1. narrow spectrum (penicillinase
sensitive)
2. narrow spectrum (penicillinase resistant)
2. broad spectrum
4. extended spectrum
what do narrow, broad, and extended spectrum penicillins work against? ** Answ**
narrow-gram positive and few gram negative
broad-gram positive and gram negative
extended-gram positive, negative, and a few other bugs
, Is penicillin G bactericidal or bacteriostatic? ** Answ** bactericidal
what spectrum is penicillin G? ** Answ** narrow
how can penicillin G be administered? ** Answ** IM or IV only
-not oral
what 4 salts is penicillin G available in? ** Answ** potassium
procaine
benzathine
sodium
ALL CAN BE IM
which two salts of penicillin G absorb rapidly? ** Answ** potassium and sodium
peak at 15 minutes
which two salts of penicillin G can be administered IV? ** Answ** potassium and
sodium
how is penicillin G metabolized and excreted? ** Answ** -minimal metabolism
-eliminated by kidneys (monitor kidney function)
what needs to be monitored with potassium or sodium penicillin G? ** Answ**
electrolyte levels
Penicillin G half life ** Answ** 30 minutes
penicillin G adverse effects ** Answ** allergic reaction is the main concern
-pain at IM site
-reversible sensory and motor dysfunction if accidentally injected into nerve
-neurotoxicity if levels too high
does dosage size effect severity of allergic reaction? ** Answ** NO
can someone be allergic to penicillin without taking it before? ** Answ** yes.
penicillin exposure from food sources or mold occurs
if a patient is allergic to one type of penicillin what else are they allergic to? ** Answ**
-all penicillins
-1% chance they are allergic to cephalosporins
can penicillin allergies decrease over time? ** Answ** yes they can.
if they have mild hx of allergic reaction they can undergo skin testing
types of penicillin allergic reactions ** Answ** immediate (2-30 mins)
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