PCCN Exam 2024 || with Errorless Solutions 100%.
Causes of prerenal AKI correct answers blood flow changes > hypovolemia, hTN, and renal
vasoconstriction
Causes of intrarenal AKI correct answers Tubular necrosis secondary to surgery, shock, sepsis,
rhabdo, and blood transfusion reaction
Causes of postrenal AKI correct answers Mechanical obstruction, BPH, prostate cancer, and
renal calculi
If a patient's hyperkalemia is not improving after calcium gluconate, regular IV insulin, and
glucose, what is the next step? correct answers Dialysis
Common complications of an AKI correct answers electrolyte abnormalities, metabolic acidosis,
pulmonary and peripheral edema, HF and nervous system changes (lethargy, AMS) due to
uremia
EKG signs of an AKI correct answers Peaked T waves and widening QRS complex
The National Kidney Foundation recommends that patients on dialysis drink less than ___ oz per
day correct answers 32
Foods high in potassium include correct answers Broccoli, leafy greens, peas, potatoes, spinach,
milk, yogurt, tuna, legumes
A patient with hypokalemia is not responding to potassium supplementation. what additional lab
should be checked? correct answers Magnesium. Hypomagnesia can exacerbate hypokalemia or
make supplementation ineffective.
A decrease in urine volume by ____ mL/kg over 6 hours also indicates a possible AKI correct
answers 0.5
S/S of small bowel obstruction correct answers decreased appetite, bilious vomiting, distended
abdomen, bloating
S/S of large bowel obstruction correct answers diffuse abdominal tenderness, constipation,
intermittent feculent vomiting
S/S of upper GI bleed correct answers epigastric pain, bright red or coffee ground emesis,
hematemesis, htn, syncope
S/S of lower GI bleed correct answers hematochezia, bright or dark red clots in stool
What is the gold standard test for diagnosing ischemic bowel? correct answers CT angiography
, What sort of foods should a patient with IBS avoid eating to decrease discomfort? correct
answers dairy, fruit, fermentable carbs, wheat, and certain vegetables
Most liver transplant programs do not list patients with a history of alcohol abuse unless they
have at least ____ months of sobriety correct answers six
S/S of a postsurgical GI bleed/infection correct answers abdominal and back pain, firm abdomen,
htn, Tachycardia, increased oxygen demand
Complications of ARDS include: correct answers ventilator-associated pneumonia, barotrauma,
atelectasis, pulmonary HTN, lung scarring, and multi-organ failure
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is caused by correct answers damage to the
alveolar-capillary membrane which causes fluid buildup, hypoxemia, reduced lung compliance,
and pulmonary infiltrates
A patient with ARDS cannot be efficiently treated without: correct answers intubation and
mechanical ventilation
How does barotrauma occur correct answers Overdistention of the alveoli during mechanical
ventilation
Barotrauma can lead to correct answers pneumothorax, tension pneumo, and subq emphysema
S/S of a severe asthma attack correct answers Tripod position, accessory muscle use,
anxiety/agitation, wheezing, RR >30, HR > 120
Three labs that show an asthma attack correct answers ABG: hypoxemia or hypercarbia
CBC: Eosinophils are elevated
IgE (antibody that protects from bacteria, viruses, and allergens) are elevated
Patients who are risk of developing status asthmaticus should be urgently assessed and prepared
for correct answers intubation
COPD consists of correct answers bronchitis (inflammation) and emphysema (destruction of the
alveoli)
S/S of COPD correct answers fingernail clubbing, barrel chest, hypercapnia, hypoxia, peripheral
edema, muscle atrophy, chronic productive cough
The most common cause of COPD in nonsmokers is correct answers an alpha-1 antitrypsin
deficiency (a genetic condition)
What are blue bloaters related to COPD? correct answers Patient who is ashen/blue, CO2 >
45mmHg, O2 < 60
