Summary of US history: Pre WW1 to Cold War Aftermath
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Course
United States History
Institution
10th Grade
Book
American History: Connecting with the Past
This document contains a point-by-point summary regarding to United States History within the time period of 1900s towards the aftermath of the Cold War. Topics consists of the different prominent figures involved during conflicts and difficulties, significant eras and moments, ideologies, conflict...
Which president came up with the New Deal in an attempt to resolve the Great Depression?
Answer: President Franklin D. Roosevelt
2.
Who was the democratox successor of the United States 1912 presidential election?
Answer: President Woodrow Wilson
3.
Who led the United States to WW2?
Answer: President Franklin D. Roosevelt
4.
Who were the axis power and who were the allied powers in WW2?
Answer: Axis powers: Germany, Italy, Japan
Allied powers: France, Great Britain, United States, Soviet Union
5.
What was the purpose of D-Day?
Answer: To invade France in an attempt to decrease Germany\'s military strategy
6.
Why was the Cold War called Cold War?
Answer: There was no actual direct contact between the United States and The Soviet Union
7.
Why did Cold warhappen between US and SOVIET?
Answer: Ideology differences and rivalry between US and SOVIET.
8.
What were some battles that occured during the cold war?
Answer: Korean war (forgotten war), Vietnam War, Bay of Pigs Invasion etc.
9.
Who supported the South Korea, and who supported the North?
Answer: South Korea: the US and UN
North Korea: China and Soviet Union
10.
What was Germany\'s last attack?
Answer: Battle of the Bulge
Content preview
Pre WW1 to Aftermath of Cold War
(including prominent figures, ideologies, significant periods)
❖ Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines
➢ Guam:
■ ceded to the US by Spain in 1898 after the Spanish-American War.
■ unincorporated territory, residents granted US citizenship in 1950.
■ Acted as strategic military location in the Pacific
■ Chamorro, Spanish, and American.
➢ Puerto Rico:
■ also ceded to the US by Spain in 1898 after the Spanish-American
War.
■ Puerto Rico's political status has had debates about whether it should
become a US state, gain independence, or maintain its current status as
an unincorporated territory.
■ Puerto Ricans were granted US citizenship in 1917, but they don’t
have full voting rights in US elections.
■ Many Puerto Ricans served in the US armed forces.
➢ The Philippines:
■ also ceded to the US by Spain in 1898 after the Spanish-American
War.
■ The US ruled the Philippines as a colony and protectorate until 1946,
when the Philippines gained independence.
■ During US rule, the Philippines was the site of a prolonged
Philippine-American War from 1899 to 1902.
■ The Philippines was an important strategic location for the US military
in the Pacific theater during World War II.
❖ Panama Canal
➢ Is a project in the early 20th century to connect the Atlantic and Pacific
Oceans.
➢ In 1903, the US negotiated a treaty with Panama (which was then part of
Colombia) to gain control over a bit of land for the canal.
➢ Construction of Panama Canal began in 1904 and completed in 1914 after
challenges like disease outbreaks and labor issues (change leadership, bad
working conditions…)
➢ The canal help with transportation of goods and ppl.
➢ Bcuz of some treaty by Panamanians nationalism, the U.S. control over the
canal only lasted until 1999 cuz of Torrijos-Carter Treaties in 1977.
❖ Triple Wall of Privilege
, ➢ Woodrow Wilson's "Triple Wall of Privilege" speech talked abt tariff, banks
and trusts:
➢ Tariffs:
■ Wilson saw high tariff rates as protecting the interests of large
industrialists and corporations at the expense of smaller farmers and
consumers
■ He signed the Underwood-Simmons Act in 1913 to reduce tariff rates
➢ Banks:
■ He believed the banking system was being used by powerful financial
interests to keep economic privilege and control
■ He was concerned about the unfair control and power on smaller
banks.
➢ Trusts:
■ he worried about the rise of large corporate monopolies and trusts
➢ Overall it’s just that he’s worried abt bigger banks have too much power and
the smaller banks don’t have.
❖ 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th Amendments
➢ 16th Amendment (Ratified in 1913):
■ gave Congress the power to levy a federal income tax
■ before, main source of revenue was tariffs and excise taxes
■ allowed government to increase revenue, especially from wealthy ppl
which increased tax burden on middle and upper classes.
➢ 17th Amendment (Ratified in 1913):
■ direct election of U.S. Senators by popular vote
■ Before, Senators were selected by state legislatures
■ Increase democracy
➢ 18th Amendment (ratified in 1919):
■ prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic
beverages
■ victory for the temperance movement (they think alcohol is reason why
society in disorder)
■ Led to organized crimes and speakeasies
■ later repealed by the 21st Amendment in 1933
➢ 19th Amendment (ratified in 1920):
■ Give American women the right to vote and represent (except blacks)
❖ Presidents T. Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson
➢ President Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909):
■ The first "modern" president
■ prominent trust-buster, using antitrust laws to break up large corporate
monopolies
■ Created consumer protection laws, workplace safety regulations, and
conservation efforts (“Square Deal”)
➢ President William Howard Taft (1909-1913):
, ■ Continued many of Roosevelt's progressive reforms and trust-busting
efforts
■ Took an even more aggressive approach to antitrust actions, filing 90
antitrust suits
■ Conflict took place between Taft and T. Roosevelt which eventually
led to a new Democratic successor after the 1912 election.
➢ President Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921):
■ Democratic successor, Wilson pursued a reform agenda called the
"New Freedom".
■ This targeted the "Triple Wall of Privilege" - tariffs, banks, and trusts
■ Wilson signed the Underwood-Simmons Act to reduce tariff rates
■ make rules for banks stricter, stop big companies from having too
much control, made laws against unfair business practices.
❖ World War I: 1914-1918; President Wilson
➢ World War I (1914-1918):
■ Began in 1914 after assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of
Austria by Serbian nationalist.
■ Major powers involved were Allied Powers (Britain, France, Russia,
Italy, Japan, later U.S.) against Central Powers (Germany,
Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria).
■ Things that escalated war: militarism, imperialism, nationalism, and
the system of alliances in Europe.
■ US at first neutral but then joined war because:
● Germany unrestricted submarine
● Zimmerman telegram (code Germany sent to Mexico to ally
AGAINST U.S.)
● Help allies defeat Germany
■ After years of stalemate on the Western Front, US entrance helped the
allies win by:
● General John J. Pershing aiding 2 million troops
● Financial and military aid
■ The war ended in 1918 with an Allied victory.
➢ President Woodrow Wilson's Role:
■ Wilson initially kept the United States neutral in the conflict.
■ but later led the U.S. to enter the war in 1917, to "make the world safe
for democracy."
■ Wilson wanted a post-war peace in his Fourteen Points, which called
for self-determination, free trade, and a League of Nations.
❖ 14 Points, Treaty of Versailles
➢ Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points:
➢ Speech presented in 1918:
■ no secret treaties
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