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FUNDAMENTALS MID-TERM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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FUNDAMENTALS MID-TERM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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FUNDAMENTALS MID-TERM QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS
1. You are participating in a clinical care coordination conference for a patient with
terminal cancer. You talk with your colleagues about using the nursing code of ethics for
professional registered nurses to guide care decisions. A non-nursing colleague asks
about this code. Which of the following statements best describes this code?
a. Improves self-health care
b. Protects the patient's confidentiality
c. Ensures identical care to all patients
d. Defines the principles of right and wrong to provide patient care - answer- d. Defines
the principles of right and wrong to provide patient care
2. An 18-year-old woman is in the emergency department with fever and cough. The
nurse obtains her vital signs, auscultates her lung sounds, listens to her heart sounds,
determines her level of comfort, and collects blood and sputum samples for analysis.
Which standard of practice is performed?
a. Diagnosis
b. Evaluation
c. Assessment
d. Implementation - answer- c. Assessment
3. A patient in the emergency department has developed wheezing and shortness of
breath. The nurse gives the ordered medicated nebulizer treatment now and in 4 hours.
Which standard of practice is performed?
a. Planning
b. Evaluation
c. Assessment
d. Implementation - answer- d. Implementation
4. A nurse is caring for a patient with end-stage lung disease. The patient wants to go
home on oxygen and be comfortable. The family wants the patient to have a new
surgical procedure. The nurse explains the risk and benefits of the surgery to the family
and discusses the patient's wishes with the family. The nurse is acting as the patient's:
a. Educator
b. Advocate
c. Caregiver
d. Case manager - answer- b. Advocate
5. Evidence-based practice is defined as:
a. Nursing care based on tradition
b. Scholarly inquiry of nursing and biomedical research literature
c. A problem-solving approach that integrates best current evidence with clinical
practice
,d. Quality nursing care provided in an efficient and economically sound manner -
answer- c. A problem-solving approach that integrates best current evidence with
clinical practice
6. The examination for registered nurse licensure is exactly the same in every state in
the United States. This examination:
a. Guarantees safe nursing care for all patients
b. Ensures standard nursing care for all patients
c. Ensures that honest and ethical care is provided
d. Provides a minimal standard of knowledge for a registered nurse in practice - answer-
d. Provides a minimal standard of knowledge for a registered nurse in practice
7. Contemporary nursing requires that the nurse has knowledge and skills for a variety
of professional roles and responsibilities. Which of the following are examples? (Select
all that apply.)
a. Caregiver
b. Autonomy and accountability
c. Patient advocate
d. Health promotion
e. Lobbyist - answer- a. Caregiver
b. Autonomy and accountability
c. Patient advocate
d. Health promotion
8. Advanced practice registered nurses generally:
a. Function independently
b. Function as unit directors
c. Work in acute care settings
d. Work in the university setting - answer- a. Function independently
9. A patient is admitted to an acute care area. The patient is an active business man
who is worried about getting back to work. He has had severe diarrhea and vomiting for
the last week. He is weak, and his breathing is labored. Using Maslow's hierarchy of
needs, identify this patient's immediate priority.
a. Self-actualization
b. Air, water, and nutrition
c. Safety
d. Esteem and self-esteem needs - answer- b. Air, water, and nutrition
10. Match the following theories with their definitions.
a. Grand theory:
b. Middle-range theory:
c. Descriptive theory:
d. Prescriptive theory: - answer- a. Grand theory: "Provides a structural framework for
broad concepts about nursing"
b. Middle-range theory: "Addresses specific phenomena and reflect practice"
,c. Descriptive theory: "First level in theory development and describes a phenomenon"
d. Prescriptive theory: Linked to outcomes (consequences of specific nursing
interventions)
11. Which of the following is closely aligned with Leininger's theory?
a. Caring for patients from unique cultures
b. Understanding the humanistic aspects of life
c. Variables affecting a patient's response to a stressor
d. Caring for patients who cannot adapt to internal and external environmental demands
- answer- a. Caring for patients from unique cultures
12. A nurse is applying Henderson's theory as a basis for theory based-nursing practice.
Which other elements are important for theory-based nursing practice? (Select all that
apply.)
a. Knowledge of nursing science
b. Knowledge of related sciences
c. Knowledge about current health care issues
d. Knowledge of standards of practice - answer- a. Knowledge of nursing science
b. Knowledge of related sciences
d. Knowledge of standards of practice
13. Which of the following statements apply to theory generation? (Select all that apply.)
a. Builds scientific knowledge base of nursing
b. Discovers relationships of phenomena to practice
c. Tests specific phenomena
d. Identifies observations about a phenomenon - answer- a. Builds scientific knowledge
base of nursing
b. Discovers relationships of phenomena to practice
d. Identifies observations about a phenomenon
14. Which of the following statements about theory-based nursing practice is incorrect?
a. Contributes to evidence-based practice
b. Provides a systematic process for designing nursing interventions
c. Is not linked to nursing outcomes
d. Guides the nurse's assessment - answer- c. Is not linked to nursing outcomes
15. As an art nursing relies on knowledge gained from practice and reflection on past
experiences. As a science nursing relies on (select all that apply):
a. Experimental research.
b. Nonexperimental research.
c. Research from other disciplines.
d. Professional opinions. - answer- a. Experimental research.
b. Nonexperimental research.
c. Research from other disciplines.
, 1. A nurse researcher interviews parents of children who have diabetes and asks them
to describe how they deal with their child's illness. The analysis of the interviews yields
common themes and stories describing the parents' coping strategies. This is an
example of which type of study?
a. Historical
b. Qualitative
c. Correlational
d. Experimental - answer- b. Qualitative
2. A nurse who works in a newborn nursery asks, "I wonder if the moms who breastfeed
their babies would be able to breastfeed more successfully if we played peaceful music
while they were breastfeeding." In this example of a PICOT question, the I is:
a. Breastfeeding moms.
b. Infants.
c. Peaceful music.
d. The nursery. - answer- c. Peaceful music.
3. A nurse researcher conducts a study that randomly assigns 100 patients who smoke
and attend a wellness clinic into two groups. One group receives the standard smoking
cessation handouts; the other group takes part in a new educational program that
includes a smoking cessation support group. The nurse plans to compare the
effectiveness of the standard treatment with the educational program. What type of a
research study is this?
a. Qualitative
b. Descriptive
c. Correlational
d. Randomized controlled trial - answer- d. Randomized controlled trial
4. A group of nurses have implemented an evidence-based practice (EBP) change and
have evaluated the effectiveness of the change. Their next step is to:
a. Conduct a literature review.
b. Share the findings with others.
c. Conduct a statistical analysis.
d. Create a well-defined PICOT question. - answer- b. Share the findings with others.
5. When recruiting subjects to participate in a study about the effects of an exercise
program on balance, the researcher provides full and complete information about the
purpose of the study and gives the subjects the choice to participate or not participate in
the study. This is an example of:
a. Bias.
b. Anonymity.
c. Confidentiality.
d. Informed consent. - answer- d. Informed consent.
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