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COMD 5070 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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COMD 5070 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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COMD 5070 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS4 Features of the scientific method - answer- 1. Empirical - based on data 2.
Deterministic - obeys physical laws (not random) 3. Predictive - if you do this ... then
that will happen 4. Parsimonious - use the simplest explanation possible
Why do SLP's use technology? - answer- 1. overcome listener bias 2. consistent,
reliable measure 3. describe severity objectively 4. track progress 5. ASHA's focus on
EBP 6. provide biofeedback to client 7. SLP need to know normal and disordered
physiology 8. Need to know what the numbers represent
Pitch perception - answer- order on a musical scale, subjective perception, can NOT be
measured with instruments, listener matches perceived pitch to that of a pure tone.
Loudness perception - answer- a perceptual characteristic judged by a listener, can
NOT be measured by equipment, psychophysical scale links loudness to intensity
Intensity - answer- is measured in dB and intensity = amplitude
IL - answer- Intensity Level
SPL - answer- Sound Pressure Level
HL - answer- Hearing Level
Loudness is measured with - answer- a sound level meter (NO SUCH THING AS A
LOUDNESS METER)
difference limens (DLs) - answer- smallest detectable change in frequency, DLs
increase with stimulus frequency, as intensity decreases DLs become larger
How many semitones are in one octave? - answer- 12
Octave - answer- is the doubling or the halving of frequency (400Hz base, 800 Hz an
octave up, 200 Hz is an octave down)
Why are speech acoustic measures limited in how well they reflect specific speech
movements in the vocal tract? - answer- acoustic patterns reflect vocal tract movements
with some ambiguity, motor equivalence: the same sound can be produced several
ways, acoustics cannot reveal all details of movement
What is high speed imaging? - answer- is real life slow motion version of filming
stroboscopy - answer- is a simulation (or optical illusion, animation) of a slow motion of
the vocal folds [the fundamental frequency must be steady for the timing to work
otherwise it will be blurry]
, types of vocal perturbation - answer- jitter and shimmer
jitter - answer- when each successive cycle deviates from this 10 millisecond average
by a tiny amount (a few microseconds) these differences are what we call jitter. So jitter
is a frequency perturbation [jitter = frequency perturbation]
shimmer - answer- is a random cycle-to-cycle difference in amplitude [shimmer =
amplitude perturbation or amplitude instability]
perceptual voice quality: a hoarse voice is: - answer- higher in perturbation
perturbation sounds: - answer- rough and hoarse, there is a very rapid and random
change [wobbley, scratchy]
modulation sounds: - answer- rhythmic sounding and predictable (not random) [like an
opera singers voice]
how does a electroglottograph receive information? - answer- two electrodes are placed
on either side of the neck, over the thyroid laminae, and a small current is passed
through
there is more current when: - answer- the vocal folds are together
there is less current when: - answer- the vocal folds are open
what does an electroglottograph show? - answer- it records the vocal fold contact area,
and changes in the vocal fold adduction
on a spectrogram the x and y axes represent, respectively - answer- time, frequency
a single vertical line on a line spectrum would represent - answer- a sine wave
a low pass filter - answer- blocks high frequencies
loudness is best measured by - answer- having a listener make a perceptual judgement
when a signal is converted from analog to digital form, the number of 'snapshots' per
second is the - answer- sampling rate
a simple, low tech tool for a doctor to view a person's larynx is - answer- a laryngeal
mirror
in vocal modulation, the frequency changes over time are - answer- slow and rhythmic
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