Breast Sonography exam with complete 800+ questions and correct answers
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Course
Breast Sonography ARDMS
Institution
Breast Sonography ARDMS
Breast Sonography exam with complete 800+ questions and correct answers
What type of organ is the Breast? Correct Answer Exocrine - They contain mammary glands which are modified sweat glands
What is the main function of the breast? Correct Answer secrete milk via lactiferous ducts following ...
Breast Sonography exam with complete
800+ questions and correct answers
What type of organ is the Breast? Correct Answer Exocrine -
They contain mammary glands which are modified sweat glands
What is the main function of the breast? Correct Answer secrete
milk via lactiferous ducts following pregnancy
Breasts are anterior to? Correct Answer o Pectoralis major
muscle
o Serratus muscle
o External oblique muscle - under lateral breast
o 6th rib
What is the medial border of breasts? Correct Answer sternum
what is the lateral border of breasts? Correct Answer axilla
name the different layers/zones of the breast Correct Answer 1.
premammary - from skin to anterior mammary fascia, contains
skin and subcutaneous fat
2. mammary - sandwiched between anterior and posterior
mammary fascia, contains glandular tissue, ducts, connective
tissue
3. retromammary - below posterior mammary fascia - contains fat,
blood vessels, deep connective tissue
Which layer/zone is the location for true breast pathology?
Correct Answer the mammary layer
what can changes in skin colour and contour indicate? Correct
Answer - neoplasm
- trauma
,- post-irradiation
- inflammatory change
**all at or below skin surface
describe the nipple sonographically Correct Answer
homogeneous, medium level echoes
describe cooper's ligaments sonographically Correct Answer -
seen best in subcutaneous layer
- thin, hyperechoic, curvilinear bands ascending toward skin
- encase fat lobules
describe ducts sonographically Correct Answer - tubular, fluid-
filled
- radiating from nipple into breast core
- best imaged RAD
- 2mm or less, larger at lactiferous sinus (during lactation)
describe the location and appearance of the pectoralis muscle
Correct Answer - immediately posterior to most of the breast
- striated hypoechoic-hyperechoic linear bands of echoes
- parallel to chest wall
why is recognition of the pectoralis muscle important? Correct
Answer to confirm ample ultrasound penetration of the breast and
to help determine whether a deep lying cancer is invading through
the pectoral fascia
normal lymph nodes Correct Answer - seen especially in axilla
- oval/reniform
- parallel to skin
- asymmetric hypoechoic outer cortex with hyperechoic fatty hilum
,hormones involved at puberty Correct Answer estrogen and
progesterone stimulate breast development
hormones involved during pregnancy Correct Answer increased
progesterone stimulates developement of breast lobules and
alveoli
hormones involved in milk production Correct Answer
hypothalamus & anterior pituitary - prolactin inhibiting factor to
prevent release until milk is necessary (after child birth)
pituitary - produces prolactin to stimulate secretion of breast milk
after child birth
- estrogen levels decrease after placenta released, prolactin
increased
pathway of milk Correct Answer milk travels from the terminal
ducts to the lactiferous ducts through the lactiferous sinus and
into the nipple
what are the 3 pathways for lymphatic drainage? Correct Answer
1. axillary lymph nodes (75%)
2. medially through thoracic lobes (20%)
3. subcutaneously through intercostal lobes (5%)
what is a stentinal node? Correct Answer first nodes to be
affected by cancer cells spreading along lymph passage
arterial blood supply of the breast Correct Answer · From internal
and lateral thoracic/internal mammary artery
· Internal mammary artery originates from the subclavian artery
· Enters the breast through intercostal spaces medially and
through the lateral thoracic artery
· Becomes the superficial mammary artery and supplies the
superficial breast structures
, venous drainage Correct Answer · Through a combination of
superficial and deep veins
· Course parallel to the arteries
applications/indications for breast ultrasound Correct Answer ·
Assist in diagnosing breast abnormalities
o Lumps, spontaneous nipple discharge, inverted nipple
· Characterizing abnormality
o Cyst or solid
· Assist in detecting masses not seen on mammogram due to
breast features such as dense breasts or implants
· When suspicious mass is detected - physician may decide to do
ultrasound guided breast biopsy
what are the different views shown in mammaography? Correct
Answer - craniocaudal (CC)
- medial lateral oblique (MLO) - 45 degree angle
what does BIRADS stand for? Correct Answer Breast
Imaging
Reporting
And
Data
Systems
what are the levels of BIRADS Correct Answer 0 = incomplete
1 = normal
2 = benign
3 = probably benign (<2% risk)
4 = suspicious (between 2%-95% risk)
5 = malignant (95%+ risk)
6 = biopsy proven malignant
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