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NAFC Nutrition Coach Large Set Exam 2024/2025 Questions With Completed & Verified Solutions.
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NAFC Nutrition Coach Large Set Exam 2024/2025 Questions With Completed & Verified Solutions.
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NAFC Nutrition Coach Large SetWhat is the Structural and Functional Unit of any complex organism - ANS Cell
Characteristics of Healthy Cells - ANS -Take in only the nutrients needed to function properly
-Grow to a fairly uniform size and shape
-Multiply only when needed or directed to
-Don't infringe on each other's space
-Communicate and cooperate with each other for the good of the whole organism
Characteristics of Unhealthy Cells - ANS -Take in all the nutrients they can get, thereby
depriving surrounding cells of vital nutrients
-Keep growing beyond their normal preprogrammed size and shape.
-Multiply out of control
-Infringe upon and push into and damage surrounding healthy cells
-Cease to communicate and/or cooperate with other cells or the body as a whole. This leads to
a breakdown in the function and structural integrity of the tissue or organ involved.
Cell Theory States.. - ANS -Cells are the building blocks of plants and animals
-All cells are produced by the division of pre-existing cells
-Cells are the smallest units that perform all vital physiological functions
-Each cell maintains homeostasis at the cellular level
-Homeostasis at higher levels, reflects combined, coordinated action of many cells
-The human body contains many different types of cells
Cytology - ANS The study of structure and function of cells
Homeostasis - ANS The property of a system (Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organism) either open or
closed, that regulates its internal environment and tends to maintain a stable, constant
condition.
A typical cell.. - ANS -Is surrounded by extra-cellular fluid, which is the interstitial fluid of the
tissue.
-Has an outer boundary called a cell membrane
-Has many components including the cellular organelles. These organelles carry out all the vital
processes required for life.
-Must take in nutrients from the interstitial fluid; use those nutrients to create all the substances
needed to carry on life; secrete any products meant for use outside the cell; as well as excrete
all waste products
Cell Membrane - ANS The outer boundary of a cell
,DNA - ANS Is a sequence of chemical bases that essentially stores information in a "code" that
tells the cell what proteins to make
When unraveled, how far would the DNA in each cell stretch? - ANS 2-3 meters long
When unraveled, all of the DNA in a single body would stretch how far? - ANS From the Earth to
the Sun and around 400 times
How many DNA are in the body? - ANS Approximately 35,000 genes that make up 300,000
different proteins
Gene Activation - ANS Initiates with Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Polymerase binding to the gene.
(RNA Polymerase is a large protein)
Transcription - ANS The formation of Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) from DNA.
mRNA - ANS Carries instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
What are the two types of organelles found in cells? - ANS Membranous and Non-membranous
Membranous Organelles are surrounded by - ANS Lipid Membranes
Membranous Organelles also feature - ANS -Endoplasmic reticulum
-Golgi Apparatus
-Lysosomes
-Peroxisomes
-Mitochondria
Non-Membranous Organelles are - ANS not enclosed by a membrane and always in touch with
the cytosol.
Non-Membranous Organelles also consist of - ANS -Cytoskeleton
-Microvilli
-Centrioles
-Cilia
-Ribosomes
-Proteasomes
Cell Membrane - ANS Provides isolation, support and protection; controls movement of
materials in and out of the cell; acts as a barrier between the cell and its environment
Cell Wall - ANS Provides support that allows them to grow tall; provides protection; allows water,
oxygen and CO2 to diffuse in and out of the cell
, The ________ is the Border of the Country because it surrounds the cell - ANS Cell Membrane
The ________ is the City Wall in a medieval city because it is stronger than the Cell Membrane
- ANS Cell Wall
The ______ is the solar energy panel of the cell because it uses sunlight to create energy for
the cell - ANS Chloroplast
The _____ is the Lawns, Parks, Forest and Foliage of the cell because it is the cell landscape
and is found in any space where organelles aren't. - ANS Cytoplasam
The _____ is the Steel Girders as they give each cell its distinctive shape and high level of
organization - ANS Cytoskeleton
The ______ is the Highways and Road Systems because it its involved in so many of metabolic
processes - ANS Endoplasmic Reticulum
The ______ is the Post Office/FedEx/UPS of the Cell because it sends proteins created by the
ER and ribosomes throughout the cell. - ANS Golgi Apparatus
Contains the genetic info, 23 pairs in humans - ANS Chromosomes
The _______ is the Recycling and Disposal Plants of the cell, as it is involved in breaking down
large molecules for either recycling or waste removal - ANS Lysosomes
The________ is the Cell's Energy plant as it converts glucose to ATP - ANS Mitochondria
The______ is the Brain of the Cell because it houses a majority of the genetic material and
controls all activity within the cell - ANS Nucleus
Nuclear Membrane - ANS Controls movement of materials in/out of nucleus
Nucleolus - ANS Inside Nucleus, Makes Ribosomes
The _____ are the Protein Manufacturing Plants because they synthesize proteins - ANS
Ribosomes
Vacuoles and Vesicles - ANS Bubbles in the cytosol that are responsible for storage of food,
water, waste with multiple functions. Involved in material transport.
Proteins make up ____ of the cell's structure - ANS 50+%
Proteins carry out ____ of the cell's functions - ANS 90+%
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