atoms - the smalles units of matter (made of subatomic particles-
* protons (+)
* neutrons (neutral)
* electrons (-)
physiology - study of functions of anatomical structures
cytology - study of cells &their functions
histology - study of tissues & their structures
microscopic anatomy - examines cells & molecules
Six levels of body organization - 1. chemical. 2. cellular. 3. tissues. 4. organs. 5. organ systems. 6.
organismal. (IN ORDER)
Cell - the smallest living unit of our body and it is made up of molecules
Tissues - a group of similar cells that work together.
The Organ Level - a group of different tissues working together - two or more tissue types
,The organism level - one living entity = an organism
Integumentary System - MAJOR ORGANS: skin, hair, nails, sweat glands
FUNCTION: protects, regulates body temp, sensory info
Skeletal System - MAJOR ORGANS: Bones, cartilages, assoc. ligaments, bone marrow
FUNCTIONS: support & protection 4 other tissues
Stores calcium & other minerals, form blood cells
Muscular System - ORGANS: skeletal muscles & assoc tendons
FUNCTIONS: movement, protection & support for other tissues, generate heat to maintain body temp
Nervous System - ORGANS: Brain, Spinal Cord, Peripheral Nerves, Sense organs
FUNCTIONS: Directs response to stimuli, moderates activities of other organ systems, provides &
interprets sensory info (CONTROL CENTER FOR WHOLE BODY)
Homeostasis - Balanced range - a stable internal environment
Autoregulation (intrinsic) - Automatic response in a cell, tissue or organ to some environmental
change
anatomy - describes structures of body...what they are made of & where located
Extrinsic Regulation - Responses controlled by nervous & endocrine systems
Control of Homeostasis (3 components) - 1) Receptor - monitors the environment & responds to
stimuli
2) Control Center - analyzes info & determines appropriate response
3) Effector - tissues/organs taht receive commands from the control center & carry it out.
, Negative Feedback - 99% of the time (opposite direction) response opposes or eliminates the
original stimulus. Most common.
Positive Feedback - The response enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus.ex: blood clotting
& contractions in child birth
Metabolism - All the chemical processes that occur in the body
Anabolism - to build up other chemicals (simple answer)
-synthesis of new molecules w/i the body's cells & tissues
Catabolism - to break down of molecules w/i the body
Intracellular fluid - Inside of cell
Extracellular fluid - Outside of cell
Matter - anything that occupies space & has mass
elements - made up of identical atoms
Trace elements - present in small quantities but are very important for normal functioning
Which element makes up most of our body? - Oxygen - ~65%
What kind of charge do atoms have? - Atoms are electrically neutral
ION - an atom with a charge (positive or negative) (gain or lose an e-)
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