SCNM Q4 CAPSTONE PHYSIOLOGY Q1, Q2, AND Q3
REVIEW, SCNM Q4 FINAL REVIEW - BIOCHEM/MGEN,
WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS, FAT SOLUBLE
VITAMINS, LIPID METABOLISM-- B OXIDATION/
KETONES/ FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS/ CHOLESTEROL,
INTRO TO LIPID METABOLISM AND CHOLESTEROL
Botox blocks which of the following:
A.Acetylcholine receptors
B.sodium channels
C.exocytosis
D.acetylcholinesterase - answer- Exocytosis
The slowest sensory axons are
A.group I, type A
B.group II, type A
C.group III, type A
D.type C - answer- type C
Rod sodium channels are regulated by binding which of the following:
A.cAMP
B.cGMP
C.lidocaine
D.acetylcholine - answer- cGMP
What stimulates IGF-1 production by the liver?
A.somatostatin
B.TSH
C.hepcidin
D.growth hormone - answer- Growth Hormone
Which neurotransmitter is used by alpha motor neurons?
A.epinephrine
B.norepinephrine
C.GABA
D.acetylcholine - answer- Acetylcholine
What part of the brain controls the body temperature set point?
A.hippocampus
B.hypothalamus
C.amydala
D.reticular activating system - answer- Hypothalamus
,In the skin, the receptor potential of a mechanosensitivve nerve ending is a
A.resting potential
B.hyperpolarization
C.depolarization
D.action potential - answer- depolarization
Which neuron is most likely to be an inhibitory neuron?
A.motor neuron
B.mechanosensory neuron
C.interneuron
D.olfactory neuron - answer- interneuron
Which of the following is most likely to cause an inhibitory post-synaptic potential
(IPSP)?
A.glutamate
B.nitric oxide
C.GABA
D.activation of a Golgi tendon organ - answer- GABA
Which ion channel is most commonly associated with hyperpolarization?
A.sodium channel
B.calcium channel
C.chloride channel
D.nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel - answer- Chloride Channel
Which of the following is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist that can give a
positive chronotropic effect?
A.nicotine
B.trimethaphan
C.muscarine
D.atropine - answer- Atropine
Adrenergic receptors are what type of receptor?
A.ligand-gated ion channel
B.tyrosine kinase receptor
C.an intracellular enzyme
D.G protein-coupled - answer- G-protein coupled receptors
What is the calcium-binding protein that controls striated muscle contraction?
A.calmodulin
B.tropomyosin
C.thrombin
D.troponin - answer- Troponin
Which of the following is the most commonly excitatory neurotransmitter?
A.glycine
Which of the following is an efferent?
A.sensory neuron axon
B.motor neuron axon
C.inter neuron
D.Purkinje cell dendrite - answer- Motor Neuron axon
What is the function of myelin?
A.allow spatial summation
B.regulate neurotransmission
C.speed up action potentials
D.penetrate the blood-brain barrier - answer- Speeds up action potentials
Where does saltatory conduction of action potentials occur?
A.in C fibers
B.in dendrites
C.across synaptic clefts
D.myelinated axons - answer- myelinated axons
The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is what type of protein?
A.a G protein coupled receptor
B.an enzyme
C.voltage-gated ion channel
D.ligand-gated ion channel - answer- ligand-gated ion channel
When a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is activated what will happen?
A.sodium-calcium exchange
B.hyperpolarization
C.depolarization
D.axonal transport - answer- Depolarization
Which ion triggers neurotransmitter vesicle release?
A.chloride
B.sodium
C.calcium
D.potassium - answer- Calcium
Which of the following can trigger an action potential
A.IPSP
B.resting potential
C.EPSP
D.activation of a GABA-A receptor - answer- EPSP
, Cheyenne-stokes breathing is - answer- alternating involuntary reflex patterns of
hyperventilation and hypobentilation
Hering-Breuer reflex (stretch-reflex) is - answer- mechanosensitive stretch receptors in
lung tissue of airway smooth muscle responds to increasing lung volume, promoting
termination of inspiratory muscle activity upon reaching maximum expansion
J receptors - lung sensory neuron-mediated axon endings in the wall of the alveoli
sensitive to alveoli air spaces that occur when - answer- PT's have pulmonary edema
and their alveoli air spaces fill up with fluid - pt can't carry out respiratory gas exchange
(have trouble exchanging gases) = dyspnea (difficulty breathing)
J receptors - are sensory nerve endings in alveolar wall that notice fluid in lungs and
provide a sensation of difficulty breathing (rapid/shallow) = clues indicating pulmonary
edema
Cough reflex - - answer- sensory nerve endings throughout the airways triggered by
various types of stimuli - reflex inspiration followed by expiratory muscle contraction =
cough & Rapid movement of air to clean airways
Cheyenne-stokes breathing is - answer- alternating hypoventilation and hyperventilation
-can show up in pulmonary disease patients
Obstructive sleep apnea - reduced upper airway activity during sleep/disrupted
inspiration that interferes with - answer- alveoli ventilation overnight - patients don't
maintain normal muscle tone, compressing airways, not allowing the airways to stay
open (ex. excessive neck fat) - disrupting sleep and leading to disease
obstructive sleep apnea can seriously disrupt sleep and lead to - answer- hypoxemia -
pp of O2 below 40mmHg
High altitude respiration is indicated by decreased O2 and increased - answer-
atmospheric pressure as altitude increases
-Hyperventilation causes blood CO2 levels to go LOW (Hypocapnia) = causing
respiratory Alkalosis (increased pH)
We have chemosensitive cells in the medulla that - answer- monitor blood CO2
(sensing pH)
What is the major regulator of the brain? - answer- CO2
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller GEEKA. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
