,What are the four phases of pharmacokinetics? - Answer: - Absorption, distribution, metabolism,
excretion
Bioavailability - Answer: The extent of drug that becomes available to the body after absorption
"Free Drug" - Answer: - The drug that is not bound to protein that is free to exert a therapeutic effect
Nicotine is a? What (3) effects does it have? - Answer: - A CYP 450 inducer
- Increase metabolism of drug and result in decreased effects and shortened half-life
Grapefruit Juice is a? What (3) effects does it have? - Answer: - A CYP 450 Inhibitor
- Decreased metabolism
- Drug toxicity
- Shorted half life
Kidneys - Answer: The main organs responsible for drug excretion
Half-life - Answer: The time required for one half of the drug to be removed from the body
Peak Effect - Answer: The time taken for the drug to reach maximum therapeutic response
Peak Level - Answer: - The highest concentration of drug in blood
Drug Polymorphism - Answer: The effect of a patient's age, gender, size, body composition and other
characteristics on the pharmacokinetics of a specific drug
Drug Polymorphism can be categorized into what (3) different factors. - Answer: 1. Environmental (diet
& nutritional status)
2. Cultural
3. Genetic factors
,How can high-fat diets affect absorption? How can malnutrition affect absorption? - Answer: - High Fat
Diets = increased absorption of many drugs
- Malnutrition = alter the ability to absorb or eliminate medication
Drugs like Heroin and LSD are considered category ____? - Answer: - Category I
The normal range for albumin is _____ - _____ grams/dL - Answer: - 4-6 grams/dl
If the gastric pH level is high, this means the stomach is more _______ than normal. - Answer: - Alkaline
Prodrug - Answer: - A drug that is converted from an inactive form into an active metabolite through
biotransformation in the liver
Paradoxical Reaction - Answer: - The opposite reaction than what is expected with the specific drug
The three names for Medications? - Answer: - Chemical, trade and generic
Chemical name of a drug refers to? - Answer: - The chemical structure
Trade name / brand name of a medication - Answer: - proprietary name
- more expensive than generic
- Shorter, easier name
Generic Medication - Answer: - Most commonly used
- most prescriptions are
Pharmacokinetics of Oral Medications (4 steps) - Answer: 1. Drug is ingested
, 2. Disintegrated
3. Forms a dissolution
4. Absorption can occur
What is absorption? - Answer: - The movement of a drug from its site of administration into the
bloodstream for distributions to tissues
A drug that is absorbed through the intestines must ______ pass through the _______ before it reaches
the ________ circulation. - Answer: - A drug that is absorbed through the intestines must first pass
through the liver before it reaches the systemic circulation
High first-pass effect - Answer: - A large portion is changed into an inactive metabolite
Which routes of medication administration would be impacted by first pass effect? - Answer: - Anything
GI related can have first pass effect
- Oral and Rectal administration
Which routes will not be impacted by first-pass effect? - Answer: - Parenteral and topical
What are the (3) basic routes of medication administration? - Answer: - Enteral, Parenteral, and topical
What is enteral route of medication administration? - Answer: - Is absorbed through the GI mucosa
What is parenteral route of medication administration? What does it normally refer to? - Answer: - The
fastest route
- Any route other than the GI tract
- Normally refers to injection
-
Would the dose of medication for an oral tablet be the same as intravenous injection of the same
medication? Why or Why Not? Which will have a larger dose? - Answer: - No
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