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FAD 3220 Exam 1-Chapter 1-4 Questions and Answers
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FAD 3220 Exam 1-Chapter 1-4 Questions and Answers
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FAD 3220 Exam 1-Chapter 1-4 Questionsand Answers
Life span development - Answer -What is the field of study that examines patterns of
growth change and stability in behavior that occur throughout the life span. It uses a
scientific approach and focuses on human development
Physical Development - Answer -this examines ways in which the body's makeup helps
determine behavior.
Cognitive development
Cognitive developmentalists - Answer -this requires seeking to understand how growth
and change in intellectual capabilities influence a persons behavior. these type of
people examine learning, memory, problem solving and intelligence.
Personality Development - Answer -this is the study of stability and change in the
characteristics that differentiate one person from another over the life span.
Social Development - Answer -is the way in which individuals interactions and
relationships with other grow and change and remain stable over the course of life.
-prenatal period(conception to birth);
-infancy and toddlerhood(birth to 3);
-the preschool period(3 to 6);
-middle childhood(6 to 11); -adolescence(11 to 20);
-young adulthood(20 to 40); -middle adulthood(40 to 65);
- late adulthood(65 to death).
These are social constructions: aka culturally derived. - Answer -What are the ranges
that life span is divided into?
-Heredity: DNA, Chromosomes, Genes
- Evniorment: Parents, Siblings, schools, neighboorhoods, communities
-Maturation: changes over time, can be innfluenced by the ones above - Answer -What
are the influences on development?
,Contexts- enviornments, philosophies, institutions ( a setting that influence
development)
-Family
-Socioeconimic status (SES)
-Gender Roles
-Culture
-ethnicity
-language
-religion
-geographic location - Answer -What are contexts of development?
-Normative Age Graded Influences
-Normative History Graded Influences - Answer -What are normative influences on
development?
-Affects the individual, like a unique circumstance
Ex.-Disease, Disability, Trauma - Answer -What are non normative influences on
development?
-How much of a person's behavior is due to genetics (nature) or due to the environment
(nurture)?
• Nature: one's abilities and characteristics are inherited and predetermined.
• Nurture: one's social and environmental influences shape their behavior.
• We should consider that these two issues are on a continuum, with each issue on one
end of the continuum. Partocular behaviors may fall somewhere between each end. -
Answer -Nature V. Nuture
Cohort - Answer -What is a group of people born at or around the same time and place
History-Graded Influences - Answer -what are biological and environmental influences
they are associated with a particular history moment.
Age graded Influences - Answer -what are biological and environmental influences that
are similar for individuals in a particular age group regardless of when or where they
were raised.
Sociocultural-Graded influences - Answer -what are the social and cultural factors
preset at a particular time for a particular individual depending on ethnicity, social class,
and subcultural membership
, Non-Normative Life events - Answer -what are specific, atypical events that occur in a
particular persons life at a time when such events don't happen to most people.
Continuous change - Answer -what is gradual development in which achievements at
one level build on those of previous levels.
Discontinuous change - Answer -what is development occurs in distinct steps or stages
with each stage bringing about behavior that is assumed to be qualitatively different
from behavior at earlier stages.
Critical Period - Answer -a specific time during development when a particular event has
its greatest consequences and the presence of certain kinds of stimuli are necessary for
development to proceed normally.
Sensitive periods - Answer -scientists are more likely to speak of these than critical
periods. A point in development when organisms are particularly susceptible to certain
kinds of stimuli in their environments, but the absence of those stimuli does not always
produce irreversible consequences.
Nature - Answer -what are traits, abilities and capacities, that are inherited from ones
parents
Nurture - Answer -what are environmental influences that shape behavior
Maturation - Answer -what is the predetermined unfolding of genetic information
Theories - Answer -what are broad explanations and predictions about phenomena of
interest
Psychodynamic perspective - Answer -the approach that states behavior is motivated
by inner forces, memories, and conflicts that are generally beyond peoples awareness
and control.
Psychoanalytic theory - Answer -the theory proposed by freud that suggests that
unconscious forces act to determine personality and behavior.
ID: Pleasure Principle
EGO: Reality principle, balances id and superego
Superego: morality principle - Answer -According to Freud what are the parts of
personality?
Psychosexual Development - Answer -according to freud, a series of stages that
children pass through in which pleasure, or gratification, if focused on a particular
biological function and body part.
-Oral (birth to 12 to 18 months)- like breast feeding
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