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FAD 3220 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024
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FAD 3220 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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FAD 3220 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS
lifespan development - Answer -the field of study that examines patterns of growth,
change, and stability in behavior that occur throughout the entire life span
physical development - Answer -development involving the body's physical makeup,
including the brain, nervous system, muscles and sense, and the need for food, drink,
and sleep
cognitive development - Answer -development involving the ways that growth and
change in intellectual capabilities influence a person's behavior
personality development - Answer -development involving the ways that the enduring
characteristics that differentiate one person from another change over the lifespan
social development - Answer -the way in which individuals' interactions with others and
their social relationships grow, change, and remain stable over the course of life.
cohort - Answer -a group of people born at around the same time in the same place
continuous change - Answer -gradual development in which achievements at one level
build on those of previous levels
discontinuous change - Answer -development that occurs in distinct steps or stages,
with each stage bringing about behavior that is assumed to be qualitatively different
from behavior at earlier stages
critical period - Answer -a specific time during development when a particular event has
its greatest consequences and the presence of certain kinds of environmental stimuli
are necessary for development to proceed normally
sensitive period - Answer -a point in development when organisms are particularly
susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environments, but the absence of those
stimuli does not always produce irreversible consequences.
maturation - Answer -the predetermined unfolding of genetic information
theories - Answer -broad explanations, and predictions about phenomena of interest
,psychodynamic perspective - Answer -the approach that states behavior is motivated by
inner forces, memories, and conflicts that are generally beyond people's awareness and
control
psychoanalytic theory - Answer -the theory proposed by Freud that suggests that
unconscious forces act to determine personality and behavior
psychosexual development - Answer -according to Freud, a series of stages that
children pass through in which pleasure, or gratification, is focused on a particular
biological function and body part
psychosocial development - Answer -According to Erikson, development that
encompasses changes both in the understandings individuals have of themselves as
members of society and in their comprehension of the meaning of others' behavior
behavioral perspective - Answer -the approach that suggests that the keys to
understanding development are observable behavior and outside stimuli in the
environment
classical conditioning - Answer -a type of learning in which an organism responds in a
particular way to a neutral stimulus that normally does not bring about that type of
response
operant conditioning - Answer -a form of learning in which a voluntary response is
strengthened or weakened by its association with positive or negative consequences
behavior modification - Answer -a formal technique for promoting the frequency of
desirable behaviors and decreasing the incidence of unwanted ones
social-cognitive learning theory - Answer -learning by observing the behavior of another
person, called a model
cognitive perspective - Answer -the approach that focuses on the processes that allow
people to now, understand, and think about the world
information processing approaches - Answer -the model that seeks to identify the ways
individuals take in, use, and store information
cognitive neuroscience approaches - Answer -the approach that examines cognitive
development through the lens of brain processes
humanistic perspective - Answer -the theory that contends that people have a natural
capacity to make decisions about their lives and control their behavior
, contextual perspective - Answer -the theory that considers the relationship between
individuals and their physical, cognitive, personality, and social worlds
bioecological approach - Answer -the perspective suggesting that levels of the
environment simultaneously influence individuals
sociocultural theory - Answer -the approach that emphasizes how cognitive
development proceeds as a result of social interactions between members of a culture
evolutionary approach - Answer -the theory that seeks to identify behavior that is a
result of our genetic inheritance from our ancestors
scientific method - Answer -the process of posing and answering questions using
careful, controlled, techniques that include systematic, orderly observation and the
collection of data
hypothesis - Answer -a prediction stated in a way that permits it to be tested
correlational research - Answer -research that seeks to identify whether an association
or relationship between two factors exists
experimental research - Answer -research designed to discover casual relationships
between various factors
naturalistic observation - Answer -a type of correlational study in which some naturally
occurring behavior is observed without intervention in the situation
case studies - Answer -studies that involve extensive, in-depth, interviews with a
particular individual or small group of individuals
survey research - Answer -a type of study where a group of people chosen to represent
some larger population are asked questions about their attitudes, behavior, or thinking
on a given topic
psychophysiological methods - Answer -research that focuses on the relationship
between physiological processes and behavior
experiment - Answer -a process in which an investigator, called an experimenter,
devises two different experiences for participants
independent variable - Answer -the variable that researchers manipulate in an
experiment
dependent variable - Answer -the variable that researches measure to see if it changes
as a result of the experimental manipulation
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