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Hondros NUR 205 Exam 1, 2 & 3 Answered Correctly – Latest Version 2024/2025
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Hondros NUR 205 Exam 1, 2 & 3 Answered Correctly – Latest Version 2024/2025
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Hondros NUR 205 Exam 1, 2 & 3 Answered Correctly –Latest Version 2024/2025
Ischemia - ANSWER inadequate blood supply to organ or other parts of the body
Hypoxia - ANSWER Low oxygen saturation of the body, not enough oxygen in the
blood
hypoxemia - ANSWER deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
Perfusion - ANSWER The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the
cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
Why are newborns at risk for gas exchange deficiencies - ANSWER Reduced lung
capacity and increased lung compliance
Why are children at risk for gas exchange impairment - ANSWER Decreased
alveolar surface and increased exposure to respiratory pathogens
Why are older adults at risk for gas exchange impairment - ANSWER Chest wall
increase in stiffness
Loss of elastic recoil
Less tidal volume capacity
What is a barreled chest? - ANSWER Barrel chest is a visible symptom of COPD,
emphysema, osteoarthritis, and CF
What is an ABG test? - ANSWER arterial blood gas test
endoscopy/bronchoscopy - ANSWER Bronchoscopy is a procedure to look directly
at the airways in the lungs using a thin, lighted tube (bronchoscope)
Examples of primary prevention for gas exchange impairment - ANSWER Infection
Control
Smoking Cessation
Immunizations
Preventing postoperative complications(DVT, Pneumonia)
Examples of Secondary prevention for gas exchange impairment - ANSWER TB
skin test
Collaborative Interventions for impaired gas exchange - ANSWER
Pharmacotherpy - Albuterol, steroid inhalers
,Oxygen Therapy - Limit to 2 Liters unless ordered
Chest Physiotherapy
Postural Drainage - Position changes
Invasive Procedures - Chest tubes, thoracentesis
Nutrition
What is asthma? - ANSWER Constricting of the airway due to inflammation and
muscular contraction of the bronchioles. Also called Reactive Airway Disease
What is COPD? - ANSWER Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Irreversible
decrease in the ability to force air out of the lungs.
Symptoms of COPD - ANSWER History of progressive shortness of breath,
excessive cough, and sputum production.
Patients with predominantly emphysematous COPD may have dry cough, weight
loss, tachycardia, hypertension
What is pneumonia? - ANSWER infection of lungs where theres fluid or pus in the
alveoli; poor gas exchange
What is anemia? - ANSWER a decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability(hemoglobin)
of the blood or low RBC count
What is a pulmonary embolism? - ANSWER clot dislodged from peripheral venous
system into pulmonary arterial system. S/S: dyspnea, sudden chest pain,
tachycardia, low BP, tachypnea, low O2 saturation, cyanosis. Treatment: oxygen,
semi-fowlers position, fluids, monitor vital signs often, ECG, ABG, Heparin,
cardiopulmonary support.
What is the blood PH? - ANSWER 7.35-7.45
What is acidic blood PH? - ANSWER Below 7.35
What is alkalotic blood PH? - ANSWER Above 7.45
What would increased diarrhea do to body PH? - ANSWER Acidosis
What would increased vomitting do to body PH? - ANSWER Alkalosis
Normal Range of PCO2 in blood - ANSWER 35-45 mmHg
Normal range:
HCO3-
bicarbonate - ANSWER 22-26 mEq/L
Where is HCO3- found? - ANSWER extracellular fluid
What is Kussmaul breathing? - ANSWER rapid, deep, labored breathing
*due to metabolic acidosis*
,What is Guillain-Barre syndrome?(respiratory acidosis) - ANSWER An
autoimmune disease in which the peripheral nerves become inflammed. Results in
numbness and paralysis in the legs, upper body, and face. Level of independence
depends on extent of paralysis.
What are the lab values of respiratory Acidosis? - ANSWER low pH
increased PCO2
increased HCO3- compensation
What are the lab values of respiratory alkalosis? - ANSWER high pH
dec PCO2
dec HCO3 - compensation
What are the lab values of metabolic acidosis? - ANSWER low pH
low HCO3
low PCO2 - compensation
What are the lab values of metabolic alkalosis? - ANSWER high pH
high HCO3
high PCO2 - compensation
symptoms of respiratory acidosis - ANSWER Rapid, shallow breathing, dyspnea,
disorientation, muscle weakness
symptoms of respiratory alkalosis - ANSWER lightheadedness, tremors, tinnitus;
panic feeling, difficulty concentrating, sensation of chest tightness; seizures and
circumoral and distal extremity paresthesia's
symptoms of metabolic acidosis - ANSWER -Headache, lethargy
-Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
-Coma
-Death
symptoms of metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER -Respiration slow and shallow
-Hyperactive reflexes ; tetany
-Often related to depletion of electrolytes
-Atrial tachycardia
-Dysrhythmias
Does hypoventilation cause respiratory acidosis or alkalosis? - ANSWER
Respiratory Acidosis
Does hyperventilation cause respiratory acidosis or alkalosis? - ANSWER
Respiratory Alkalosis
symptoms of metabolic acidosis - ANSWER Headache
Decreased BP
Hyperkalemia
Muscle twitching
Warm, flushed skin (vasodilation)
, Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Changes in LOC (confusion, drowsiness)
Kussmaul respirations
Causes of metabolic acidosis - ANSWER DKA, severe diarrhea, renal failure, liver
failure, shock, starvation
Causes of metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER severe vomiting, excessive GI
suctioning, diuretics, excessive NaHCO3
Causes of respiratory alkalosis - ANSWER hyperventilation (anxiety, PE, fear),
mechanical ventilation
Causes of respiratory acidosis - ANSWER respiratory depression
anesthesia overdose
increased ICP
airway obstruction
decreased alveolar capillary diffusion
pneumonia: COPD, ARDS, PE
Is aspirin an acid or a base? - ANSWER acid
Three p's of hyperglycemia - ANSWER polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
What is polydipsia? - ANSWER excessive thirst
What is polyphagia? - ANSWER excessive hunger
What is insensible water loss? - ANSWER Loss of water from the body that is not
noticeable or measurable
What is dehydration? - ANSWER A serious reduction in the body's water content
Groups at risk for electrolyte imbalance - ANSWER elderly, excessive exercise,
diabetics, dehydrated people
What is sodium? - ANSWER Electrolyte needed for nerve impulse transmission
and acid/base balance. Promotes water retention
Normal potassium levels - ANSWER 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Normal sodium levels - ANSWER 135-145 mEq/L
Normal calcium levels - ANSWER 9-10.5 mg/dL
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