2024 CMGT - 360 DBIA
FUNDAMENTALS OF PROJECT
EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Project delivery method? - CORRECT ANSWERS-• Project delivery selection is
critical to overall project success
• Project delivery method selection is not arbitrary
• Best practice:
-Early planning & a complete understanding of the various project delivery,
procurement, and contracting options
Hammurabi - CORRECT ANSWERS-(1795- 1750 BC) established the earliest
known body of laws written to govern its people which included codes for
builders
Code of Hammurabi - CORRECT ANSWERS-Obligation of design &
construction to society
Sustainable Design - LEED - CORRECT ANSWERS-Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design
- Certification levels
• Basic
• Silver
• Gold
• Platinum
High Performance Contracting - CORRECT ANSWERS-Lean Construction
(Toyota Production Model)
• Eliminate or reduce waste (the "fat")
• Fast-track design & construction
• Just-in-time material delivery
• Pre-fabrication, minimal storage / inventory
• 100% of team strives for 100% efficiency 100% of the time
Federal Government Model - CORRECT ANSWERS-• Federal agencies use DB
aided by Defense Procurement Reform Act (also called Clinger Cohen Act) of
1996
-Formerly just DOD & select few agencies
-Currently ALL Federal agencies
,• Established the Best Value Two Phase Source Selection Process
-Phase 1 - RFQ
-Phase 2 - RFP
• Preference for performance-based requirements
Design-Build PLUS - CORRECT ANSWERS-The Design-Build entity can contract
to provide added services beyond design & construction services:
• Financing & asset management
• Feasibility studies
• Site acquisition
• Planning & Programming
• Supply chain analysis
• Design-Build Maintain & Operate
• ... and various combinations of the above
Vitruvius - CORRECT ANSWERS-* Roman writer, engineer, architect lived in
1st century BC (Roman Empire)
++ He created the original design and construction hand book (De
Architectura Libri Decem "10 books of architecture" -- manufacturer of
building materials/roads & bridges/heating water/amplification)
* Credited with transitionong the practice of architecture and engineering to
a routine practice
* Established design and construction management as learned professions
Brunelleschi - CORRECT ANSWERS-* Quintessential design-builder and
innovator (1377 - 1446)
* Italian Artist-Architect-Builder (1420)
* Master Builders who developed the "dome" concept for the Gothic
Cathedral of Florence (the duomo)
* Key figgure in the transition from the Middle Ages to the modern
Renaissance area
Middle Ages - CORRECT ANSWERS-Craft training and education
Renaissance - CORRECT ANSWERS-Separate design and construction
Leone Battista Alberti - CORRECT ANSWERS-* First intentional separation of
the art from the craft (1456)
* Poet, Philosopher and secretary to the Pope.
* The rise of professionalism: First push to separate design and construction
as distinct functions
The Rise of Professionalism - CORRECT ANSWERS-* Established architecture
as a profession distinct from the science of engineering and construction
, * From 15th century Renaissance in to 19th century Industrial Revolution,
Architects retained responsibilities for both design and construction
* Industrial Revolution brought on the separation of design and construction
Return to Integration - CORRECT ANSWERS-* DBIA founded in 1993 to help
standardize and advocate for an already emerging design-build industry
* Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)
* Building Information Modeling (BIM)
* Sustainable Design (Green/LEED)
* High Performance Contracting (LEAN - Toyota Production Model)
Effects of the Industrial Revolution - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Division of Labor:
Building professions took on increasingly defined roles of architects,
engineer, and builder
- Entrepreneurship: need fpr architects and engineers to take risk and assure
performance and cost of facilities (construction)
- Need for capital: Responded to need by non-participating owners
(stockholders) becoming an integral part of projects
Professional Societies - CORRECT ANSWERS-• Greater professional
specialization
• Increase in specialized knowledge
• Promotion & advocacy of professional
interests & markets
• Ethical standards of practice
• Rise of conflict-of-interest issues
++Middle 19th century there was a clear distinction
had been made between design professionals
and builders
• 1852 American Society of Civil Engineers an
Architects (ASCEA)
• 1857 Architects dropped and American Institute
of Architects (AIA) was formed
++Design professionals wanted to separate
themselves from sometimes corrupt builders
The Miller Act (1935) - CORRECT ANSWERS-++Public contracting law
mandating separation of design from construction
* Contractor selection solely on lowest responsible bid
* Existing Federal law requiring any federal project exceeding $100,000 to
require two bonds (performance and a labor and material bond)
* Implemented during World War I and Wold War II to reduce the risk of
fraud, favoritism, undue influence, and reassurance to taxpayers their tax
dollars were being spent properly.
* Worked well for a long time... but new procurement methods are on the
rise, especially the construction industry
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