FRESENIUS PCT EXAM 2023-2024
ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS|ALREADY
GRADED A+
What are the two main types of dialysis? - ANSWER-Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis
How are dialysis clinics paid by Medicare for dialysis treatment? - ANSWER-Prospective payment system
bundles
What does "Pay for Performance" mean? - ANSWER-Clinics that donet meet certain quality standards
will have their payments cut
Who are dialysis clinics required to work with? - ANSWER-ESRD networks
What is the responsibility of the ESRD networks? - ANSWER-Collect and report data about dialysis,
Handle patient grievances, Help clinics deal with conflict, promote rehabilitation
What are "clinical practice guidlines"? - ANSWER-Efforts to improve patient outcomes by finding best
practices
What is a snephron made up of? - ANSWER-a glomerulus and a tubule
What is the most common cause of kidney failure of Us ADULTS? - ANSWER-Diabetes
What is Uremia? - ANSWER-a problem of kidney failure caused by a build-up of wastes in the blood
What causes secondary hyperparathyroidism in people with kidney failure? - ANSWER-The kidneys no
longer make active vitamin D
,Hyperkalemia? - ANSWER-too much potassium
What is patients dry weight? - ANSWER-The weight after a treatment when all excess water is gone
What is a solution made up of? - ANSWER-a solvent and a solute
A filter that allows only certain sized particles pass through - ANSWER-Semipermeable membrane
what is diffusion? - ANSWER-Solutes move through a memnbrane from an area of higher concentration
to a lower one
what is osmosis? - ANSWER-Water moves through a membrane from a lower solute concentration a
higher one
what role does ultrafiltration play in dialysis? - ANSWER-removes water from the patients blood
what type of pressure is applied when the blood pump pulls blood through a needle? - ANSWER-
negative pressure
what is a gradient? - ANSWER-a difference
why are synthetic dialysis memnbranes more biocompatible? - ANSWER-they adsorb more proteins
from the blood
by what process removes solutes? - ANSWER-convection
what are the 2 compartments of the dialyzer? - ANSWER-blood and dialysate
where is conductivity most often checked? - ANSWER-dialysate mixing and before dialysate enters the
dialyzer
, what condition occurs due to dialysate that is too hot? - ANSWER-hemolysis
what are 2 types of ultrafiltration sys? - ANSWER-volumetric and flow control
what is a mechanical device in the machine that converts air pressure into an electronic signal? -
ANSWER-transducer protector
which group contains the dialysate delivery system monitors? - ANSWER-conductivity, ph, flow rate
what do you listen for before starting dialysis? - ANSWER-stenosis
infiltration, strectching the needle hole, tear the lining of the vessel are things that can happen when ;....
- ANSWER-the needle is flipped
why do we rotate needle sites? - ANSWER-to prevent aneurysms
what is the buttonhole technique - ANSWER-placing needles in the same spots at the same angle to
form tunnel tracts
what is a long term complication of a fitsula? - ANSWER-stenosis
what is the biggest risk of "one-site-itis" in a graft? - ANSWER-graft rupture and exsanguination
what is tachycardia? what is the range? - ANSWER-high blood pulse, 60-100
normal range of resting respiration? - ANSWER-12-16 breaths/min
what is a cause of hypotension during and after dialysis? - ANSWER-removing too much fluid
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