Changed view of nurses from criminals to guardian angels due to the respectability she brought to
nursing
formalized nursing education
promoted sanitation
Clara Barton - Nurse during civil war who established American Red Cross
Linda Richards - America's first trained nurse
Introduced keeping nursing records and uniforms
Mary Mahoney - First African American professional nurse
Lillian Wald - Public health nurse who offered services to the poor of NYC
Founded VNA
Lavinia L. Dock - Feminist nurse who fought for nurses to control their own profession
Precursor to NLN
Margaret Higgins Sanger - Founder of planned parenthood and opened first birth control clinic in
America
Dark mind and believed in selective breeding
Mary Breckinridge - Rural nurse who started midwife training school
Clinical Judgement - ability to make clinical decisions using critical thinking, applying the nursing process,
and staying current with developments in practice and research
, Critical Thinking - Involves carefully collecting and analyzing information and carefully considering
options for action
Nursing as a Profession - Technical and scientific knowledge, be evaluated by a community of peers,
have a service orientation and a code of ethics
PETS
Importance of Communication in Nursing - Nurses must be communicators between clients, support
persons, health professionals, and the community
poor communication in healthcare causes roughly 250,000 deaths per year
Importance of Teaching in Nursing - Provide education for patients, set goals for patient, educated
unlicensed assistive personal
Importance of Client Advocacy in Nursing - assist client to exercise their rights, protect the client by
avoiding: additional treatment, incorrect dosages, lack of treatment
Phases of Nursing - Novice, Advanced beginner, Competence, Proficient, Expert
NACPE
Novice Phase of Nursing - Now! Task oriented focus on learning the rules
Advanced Beginner Phase of Nursing - Focus on more aspects of a clinical situation and more facts
Distinguish abnormal findings but may not know the significance
Competence Phase of Nursing - Usually 2-3 years of nursing practice in one area
able to wrestle more complex concerns
prioritize situation
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