Quantitative Research - Research that involves numbers
Theory - an explanation or set of principles that is well substantiated by repeated testing
and explains a broad phenomenon
Hypothesis - proposed explanation for a fairly narrow phenomenon or set of
observations
Falsification - the act of disproving a hypothesis or theory
independent variable - the cause
dependent variable - the effect
level of measurement - The relationship between what is being measured and the
numbers that represent what is being measured.
categorical variable - a variable made up of categories, one that names distinct entities
(Species, fruits, types of cars, etc.)
Binary variable - a category made of just two variables (male or female, dead or alive)
Nominal variable - when there are more than two possibilities (Gay, straight, bi,)
Ordinal variable - when categories are ordered or ranked
continuous variable - gives a score for each variable and can take on any value in the
measurement scale that we are using
interval variable - a variable used for observations that have numbers as their values;
the distance (or interval) between pairs of consecutive numbers is assumed to be equal
ratio variables - measurement variables for which ratios are consistent and meaningful.
It must have a true and meaningful zero point (ex. something rated a four would be
twice as good as something rated a 2)
discrete variable - Consists of separate, indivisible categories. No values can exist
between two neighboring categories.
measurement error - an error that occurs when there is a difference between the
information desired by the researcher and the information provided by the measurement
process
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