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BIO 172 UH Manoa Exam 2 | Questions & Answers (100 %Score) Latest Updated 2024/2025 Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | With Expert Solutions $13.48   Add to cart

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BIO 172 UH Manoa Exam 2 | Questions & Answers (100 %Score) Latest Updated 2024/2025 Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | With Expert Solutions

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BIO 172 UH Manoa Exam 2 | Questions & Answers (100 %Score) Latest Updated 2024/2025 Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | With Expert Solutions

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BIO 172 UH Manoa Exam 2 | Questions & Answers (100 %Score) Latest Updated
2024/2025 Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | With Expert Solutions


Animals - Multicellular eukaryotes
Heterotrophs: Ingest their food
Lack Cell Walls
Body held together by structural proteins

Collagen - Make up connective tissues (fibers)
Flexible and high tensile (stretching)

Skin - Dense irregular arrangement of collagen

Ligament - Collagen arranged in sheets
(Connects Bones)

Tendon - Cable-like arrangement of collagen
(Connects muscle to bone)

Zygote - Fertilized egg
(Sperm+Egg=Zygote)
Undergoes rapid cell division called cleavage

Germ Layers - Give rise to tissues and organs of animal embryo

Blastula - Cell that has undergone many cell cleavages
Hollow blastula undergoes gastrulation, forming gastrula (has layers of embryonic
tissues)

Ectoderm - Germ layer covering embryo surface

Endoderm - Innermost germ layer and lines developing digestive tube
(aka=Archenteron)

Diploblastic - Animals that exhibit both ectoderm and endoderm in the embryo
(Corals, jellyfish)

Triploblastic - Animals that have intervening Mesoderm layer (bilaterians)

Bilaterians - All Multicellular animals other than sponges and cnidarians
Exhibit bilateral symmetry and cephalization

Cephalization - Organization of senses and locomotion toward head region

, Larva - Sexually immature and anatomically distinct from the adult, undergoes
metamorphosis

Juvenile - Resembles an adult, but not sexually mature

Cambrian explosion - 535-525 million years ago, marks earliest fossil appearance of
many animal major groups

Hox Genes - Control the development of body form (Hox Gene "__" can tell to form an
arm)

Protosome - Cell proliferation by spiral cleavage
Coelom forms within the middle tissue germ layer
Initial opening of gut becomes the mouth

Deuterostome - Cell proliferation by radial cleavage
Coelom forms from outpocket of the middle tissue germ layer
Initial opening of gut becomes the anus

Coelom - Body cavity surrounding the gut

Sessile - Do not exhibit locomotion
(Sponges)

Collar Cells - Flagella bearing cells that create water currents that move through the
body of the sponge

Spicules - Tiny calcium/silica structures

Sponges (Phylum:Porifera) - Hermaphrodites (release sperm into environment)

Jellyfish, Anemones, Corals
(Phylum: Cnidaria) - Have radial symmetry
Possess two specialized cell layers (tissues) and nerve cells
Two Body Forms: Sessile polyp and free swimming medusa

Nematocysts - Held under pressure (140 atmospheres) These are the microscopic
venomous spines on the tentacle

Lophotrochozoa - Animals that share horse-shoe shaped feeding structure called a
lophophore and a Ciliated larva called trocophore

Flatworms (Phylum: Platyhelminthes) - Lack circulatory, respiratory, and skeletal
systems
Coelom is absent and gut incomplete

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