Child Development Test Chapters 8-10
(Early Childhood)
Body changes - Answer -many children are overfed, and it is continuing to increase. This causes risk of
later health issues.
Many consume too much sugar and too little calcium and other nutrients. Children need to visit the
dentist and brush their teeth years before their permanent teeth erupt.
Culture, income, and family customs all affect children's growth.
Children of low-income families are twice as likely to be overweight as their wealthier counterparts.
Brain Development - Answer -The brain continues to grow, reaching 75% it's adult weight at age 2 and
90% by age 6.
Lateralization helps the brain specialize and allows left-right coordination.
Lateralization - Answer -"sidedness". Referring to the specialization in certain functions by each side of
the brain, with one side dominant for each activity. The left side of the brain controls the right side of
the body, and vice versa.
myelination - Answer -myelin (white matter of the brain) Axons become coated with myelin, a fatty
substance that speeds the transmission of nerve impulses from neuron to neuron. Causes most of
increased brain weight.
, Corpus Callosum - Answer -myelinates rapidly. A long, thick band of nerve fibers that connects the left
and right hemispheres of the brain and allows communication between them.
the prefrontal cortex - Answer -known as the executive of the brain
what areas of the brain deal with the expression and regulation of emotions? - Answer -amygdala,
hippocampus, and hypothalamus
amygdala - Answer -tiny brain structure that registers emotions, particularly fear and anxiety
hippocampus - Answer -brain structure that is a central processor of memory, especially memory for
locations
hypothalamus - Answer -brain area that responds to the amygdala and the hippocampus to produce
hormones that activate other parts of the body
impulse control - Answer -the ability to postpone or deny the immediate response to an idea or
behavior
perseveration - Answer -the tendency to preserve in, or stick to, one thought or action for a long time
stress and childhood trauma - Answer -cortisol can be produced, and too much can damage the brain
and interfere with learning.
however, some stress aids learning if reassurance is also present
improving motor skills - Answer -gross motor skills continue to develop
children's main activity is play. playing with other children in safe places helps develop skills that benefit
children.
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