When does a child's gait pattern resemble an adult? correct answers 3 years of age (initially there is a wide-based stance with rapid cadence and short steps)
What do toddlers appear as when they need support? correct answers - broad-based gait for support
- high-stepped and flat-footed, with a...
PTAP 2210: Final || A+ Verified Solutions.
When does a child's gait pattern resemble an adult? correct answers 3 years of age (initially there
is a wide-based stance with rapid cadence and short steps)
What do toddlers appear as when they need support? correct answers - broad-based gait for
support
- high-stepped and flat-footed, with arms outstretched for balance
- legs are ER, with some bowing
When does heel strike develop? correct answers 15-18 months with reciprocal arm swing
When does running and change of direction occur? correct answers 2 years of age
What happens to school-aged children? correct answers demonstrate a step length increase and
step frequency slows
When does adult gait and posture occur? correct answers 8 years of age
steppage gait correct answers - leg is raised at the hip to ensure adequate ground clearance
(marching)
- spina bifida and polio
spastic gait correct answers - inversion of the foot and foot dragging (kind of looks like
scissoring)
- diplegic and quadriplegic CP and stroke
trendelenburg gait correct answers - caused by weak hip abductors
- feet, hips and knees are ER
- slipped capital femoral epiphysis, legg-calves-perthes disease, hip dysplasia, inherited
myopathies, spina bifida and CP
- if bil, pt exhibits rolling gait/waddle gait
toe walking correct answers - not uncommon, and if the asked the child can walk normally
- diplegic CP or lysosomal storage disease (rare)
crouched gait correct answers - hip flexion, knee flexion, and ankle equinus
- diplegic CP and hamstring contractures
What are the changes in gait for a geriatric patient? correct answers - decrease in velocity
- decrease in stride length
- increased stance width
- increased double support phase
- less push off force
- flexed posture
- less pelvic motion, hips slightly ER
, - balance issues
medicare A correct answers hospitalization, SNFs, home health, hospice (anything inpatient)
medicare B correct answers outpatient services, patient may opt out, DME
medicare C correct answers medical insurance through private companies that medicare pays a
premium
medicare D correct answers prescription drugs, insurance companies offer plans with medicare
(D for drugs)
What is CHF? correct answers the heart becomes enlarged therefore no longer an effective
pump. Blood and fluid will back up in to the venous system which will make the LE swell up.
What is an appropriate position for a patient with CHF? correct answers with the head of the bed
in an upright position
What are some heart changes in the geriatric population? correct answers - electrical pathways
develop fat, SA node loses cells - slower HR
- maximum heart rate decrease and increased recovery time after exercise
- left ventricle enlarges which decreases CO - can cause CHF
- valves become stiffer - cause of murmurs
What are changes to the blood vessels in a geriatric population? correct answers -
arteriosclerosis: hardening of the arteries
- atherosclerosis: plaque development on the arterial walls, capillary walls start to thicken
- baroreceptors become less sensitive
How is wound healing in the elderly affected? correct answers healing slows done because there
is less blood flow to the peripherals
What are the general rules to communicating with a patient that has Alzheimer's disease? correct
answers - address patient by their name and introduce yourself every time
- orient patient to time and situation
- use closed ended questions
- offer clues or guesses about the word that they are trying to say
- use visual clues and demonstration
- break down steps into simple steps
- repeat information
- music may be helpful during treatment
What is cerebral palsy? correct answers - group of motor disorders caused by cerebral damage
during gestation, time of birth, or early childhood
- classified by mm tone: spastic, athetoid, ataxic, mixed
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