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GEC01: The Life and Works of Rizal • Common-law wife: Josephine Bracken
- Marie Josephine Leopoldine Bracken
• Jose Rizal was known as the “National Hero of - They married minutes before Rizal faced the
the Philippines”, although there was no official firing squad, Spanish authorities allowed Rizal to
declaration. marry Josephine. He gave her a copy of Fr
- General Emilio Aguinaldo decreed December Thomas á Kempis's De La Imitacion de Cristo y
30 as the anniversary of Jose Rizal's death. It Menosprecio del Mundo with the dedication: “To
was designated as "a National Day of Mourning" my dear and unhappy wife, Josephine, December
for Rizal and other victims of Spanish oppression. 30th, 1896, Jose Rizal.
- On the recommendation of Trinidad Pardo de - On the evening before his execution on
Tavera, the Taft Commission renamed the district December 30, 1896, on charges of treason,
of Morong into the Province of Rizal through rebellion, and sedition by the Spanish colonial
Act 137 on June 11, 1901. This was one of the government, the Catholic Church claimed that
first official steps taken by the Taft Commission Rizal returned to the faith and was married to
to honor Rizal. Bracken in a religious ceremony officiated by
- Rizal acquired the title of “Philippine National Father Vicente Balaguer, S.J. sometime
Hero” in 1901 under the first American civil between 5:00 AM and 6:00 AM, an hour before
governor, William Howard Taft. his scheduled execution at 7:00 AM.
- On March 28, 1993, President Fidel V. Ramos
issued Executive Order No. 75 entitled “Creating
the National Heroes Committee Under the Office • Author of the 2 great novels: Noli Me Tangere
of the President”. Then, the committee and El Filibusterismo
recommended 9 Filipino historical figures to be NOLI ME TANGERE:
national hero; Jose Rizal, Andres Bonifacio,
- Touch me not
Emilio Aguinaldo, Apolinario Mabini, Marcelo
- “The Social Cancer”
H. Del Pilar, Sultan Kudarat, Juan Luna,
- Maximo Viola: the man who helped publish
Melchora Aquino, Gabriela Silang.
the Noli
- Congressman Rene Relampagos filed a bill
- 63 Chapters (originally 64, Elias and Salome)
(2014) sought to declare Jose Rizal as the sole
- 438 pages
Filipino National Hero.
- Characters:
- According to Renato Constantino, the
American government “guided” the Filipino to (Main Character)
choose Rizal. The American rationale was based
on Rizal’s peaceful propaganda and diplomatic Juan Crisostomo Ibarra y Magsalin (Ibarra),
approaches in attaining Philippine freedom and Maria Clara, Elias, Captain Tiago (Don
independence, unlike Bonifacio who chose a Santiago de los Santos), Father Damaso
bloody revolution. Verdolagas, Father Salvi, Don Rafael Ibarra,
Pilosopo Tasyo, Doña Victorina de los Reyes
de Espadaña, Don Tiburcio de Espadaña,
Sisa, Basilio, Crispin, Doña Consolacion
• His parents: Francisco Mercado Rizal and
The Ensign (The Alferez), Father Sibyla
Teodora Alonso Realonda
- Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado y (Minor Characters)
Alejandro
Aunt Isabel, Linares, Doña Pia Alba, Lt.
- Teodora Alonso Realonda y Quintos
Guevara, The Schoolmaster, Don Filipo, The
Mayor, The Yellow Man, Captain General,
• Full Name: José Protacio Rizal Mercado Tarcilo Alasigan, Bruno Alasigan
y Alonso Realonda Lucas, Captain Pablo, Nol Juan, Don Pedro
- Jose: chosen by his mother who was a devotee of Eibarrimendia, Don Saturnino, Iday, Sinang,
the Christian Saint, San Jose Andeng, Victoria, Neneng Don Primitivo,
- Protacio: named after Saint Protagius (June 19 Tinchang, Captain Basilio, Captain Tinong,
feast day of St. Jose and Protacio) and Captain Valentin
- Rizal: means green field
- Mercado: spanish word for market, middle name - Feb. 21, 1887 at 11:30 pm, Rizal wrote the
of his father’s last page of the novel.
- Alonso: from his mother’s maiden name
- Realonda: from his mother’s also
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