STUVIA 2024/2025
GEOG 250 Final
-Archate (ex. Nile): ocean/wave dominated.
-Birdsfoot (ex. Mississippi): river dominated, build outward. - ✔✔Types of Deltas (2)
-Both plates resist subduction
-Orogeny is mechanical (deformation)
-High mountains with deep roots (Himalayas) - ✔✔Continent-Continent Convergence
-caused by subduction zone quakes.
-long wavelength, fast speed, low height in deep water. - ✔✔Tsunami
-caused by the gravitational pull of the moon & sun: piles of water towards and opposite the moon
and sun.
-earth rotates through 'mounds' - ✔✔Ocean Tides
-Dissolved load: ions dissolved in water
-Suspended load: smaller (clay and silt) particles suspended in the water
-Bed load: boulders and cobbles moved along the stream bed - ✔✔dissolved load, suspended load,
bed load
%
-driven by wind
-help to even out latitudinal energy gradient
-warm on e. coast, cold on w. coast
-upwelling: filling in water to the right. - ✔✔Ocean Currents
-Enters by evapotranspiration (ET): from ocean, land.
-Exits by precipitation: onto ocean, land.
-Net onshore advection - ✔✔Water in the Atmosphere
-Fall: tumbling, free falling of the top to bottom.
-Slip: slower, gentler slope, downslope movement of broken rock material which stays pretty much as
coherent unit intact.
2 types of slip:
-slide: stays same orientation (translational)
-slump: hillside collapses back on itself, rotating
-felsic magma, cooler, more viscous, contains more silica and oxygen.
-creates composition volcanoes (stratovolcanoes).
-produces pyroclasts (lava bombs) flung out from pressure. - ✔✔Explosive Eruption
-formed in high mountain snowfield (alpine glaciers)
-cirque: glacially eroded bowl-shaped depression. - ✔✔Cirque Glaciers
-generated by wind (speed, direction, fetch)
-swells radiate out from generating region. - ✔✔Waves
-Heave: expansion due to freeze/thaw, or wetting/drying cycles.
-Creep: extremely slow downhill movement of upper layers of soil, which happens when cycles of
freeze/thaw or wet/dry.
-->when expands (freezes) upward
-->when contracts (dry) downward. - ✔✔Creep & Heave
-lower viscosity (stickiness) mafic magma.
-very high temps.
-mid-ocean ridges, rifts, hot spots.
%
-builds shield volcanoes or flood basalts - ✔✔Effusive Eruption
-Modified Mercalli Scale: 1-12 scale based on damage and experience.
-Richter Scale: Logarithmic # for quake magnitude in relation to a station greater than 100 km from
the epicenter.
-Moment Magnitude Scale: Replaced the Richter scale, considers the amount of fault slippage, size
of area ruptured, and nature of the materials faulted. - ✔✔Measuring Earthquake Intensity
-mountain building/erosion
-expansion/contraction of ice sheets - ✔✔Ways to induce isostacy (2)
-ocean plate subducts and melts.
-formation of trench offshore.
-deformation & volcanism build mountains with felsic magma. - ✔✔Ocean-Continent Convergence
-one plate subducts (typically the older plate)
-deep trench, island arc (japan)
-magma more felsic than at the divergent zones. - ✔✔Ocean-Ocean Convergence
-water expands when frozen.
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