STUVIA 2024/2025
GEOG 350 Final Study Guide
- mineral grains weathered from rocks,
- partially decomposed organic molecules, and
- a host of living organisms. - ✔✔soil contains
-in wet environments, water erosion is dominant.
-in dry environments, wind erosion is dominant.
-in cold environments, glacial erosion is dominant. - ✔✔Rules of erosion
-nitrogen
-phosphorus
-potassium - ✔✔*3 main components of fertilizer
-halite
-gypsum (plaster wall) - ✔✔non metal minerals include
-sand and gravel
-silts and clay
-air
-water
-dead organic material
-soil fauna and flora - ✔✔the 6 components that make up soil
• Pollen can provide high-resolution records of vegetation changes in a region
- Type of regional vegetation is climate dependent. - ✔✔fossil pollen
2007
US subsidized corn for biofuels (ethanol) led to increases in price of corn, resulting in riots in mexico
because corn is a staple of the mexican diet. - ✔✔Mexican tortilla riots
40%
while 1/6 americans are food insecure - ✔✔*what percentage of US food is wasted each year?
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400 ppm - ✔✔The "Keeling curve" showing CO2 measurements at Mauna Loa, Hawaii, shows that
concentrations of CO2 have reached approximately what level, in parts per million (PPM)?
5 - ✔✔The energy needed to process and distribute food in the US is as much as _______ times the
amount that is used to actually farm the crops.
a - topsoil (organic-rich) horizon - ✔✔what soil horizon does most food come from?
a graph made over the span of 50 years that shows the increase of carbon dioxide
-relationship between temp and co2 levels - ✔✔keeling curve
A horizon - ✔✔The layer of soil that is a mixture of minerals and organic material is the
A mixture of gases that surrounds a planet or moon. - ✔✔the atmosphere
A natural resource that can be replaced at the same rate at which the resource is consumed -
✔✔renewable resource
a person who primarily eats food grown or produced locally - ✔✔locavore
%
A reversal of wind and water currents in the South Pacific
-affects weather throughout the pacific, causing heavy monsoons or serious droughts.
-'sloshback' of warm water to the americas caused by change/slacking in wind during an el nino year,
causing increasing weather events. - ✔✔El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
A series of processes on the surface and inside Earth that slowly changes rocks from one kind to
another - ✔✔the rock cycle
aim to reduce/repair the damage caused by destructive practices
-soil conservation is essential - ✔✔sustainable agriculture and regenerative farms
An area characterized by a lack of affordable, fresh and nutritious food. - ✔✔food desert
ancient method of acquiring gold in which pure nuggets are washed from stream sediments
-chokes stream ecosystems with sediment - ✔✔placer mining
applies ecological ideas of system functions and recycling to the definition of resources -
✔✔ecological economics
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