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ILTS 235 Practice Test
Humanistic theories of personality development are based primarily on which of the following
assumptions?
A. All humans are unique and motivated to achieve self-actualization
B. Human personality emerges as a result of reinforcement of stimulus-response behavior
C. All human thought and behavior is determined by unconscious instinctive forces
D. Human personality is generally predetermined by a range of biological factors - ✔✔A. All
humans are unique and motivated to achieve self-actualization
Compared with counseling approaches used with adolescents, counseling approaches used
with young children are more likely to feature:
A. Consideration of potential consequences of specific behaviors in various settings
B. Techniques for replacing negative thoughts with positive self-talk
C. Opportunities for open-ended expression that allow for utilization of symbolic language
D. Development of action plans for addressing specific challenges - ✔✔C. Opportunities for
open-ended expression that allow for utilization of symbolic language
A second-grade student has a sibling who has recently been diagnosed with a chronic illness.
The illness will require the sibling to be hospitalized several times for treatment and receive
extended home health care following each hospitalization. The situation is most likely to have
which of the following initial effect on the student?
A. Decreasing interactions with family members
B. Increasing feelings of stress and isolation
C. Decreasing participation in pleasurable past times
D. Increasing the desire to achieve at high levels - ✔✔B. Increasing feelings of stress and
isolation
Which of the following statements best describes the self-medication theory of addictive
behavior?
A. Addictive behaviors are linked to an innate deficiency in naturally produced endorphins
B. Individuals are unable to stop addictive behaviors for any length of time without intervention
C. Addictive behaviors have have a genetic component that causes increased sensitivity to
various substances
,D. Individuals engage in addictive behaviors in an attempt to manage negative or distressing
affective states - ✔✔D. Individuals engage in addictive behaviors in an attempt to manage
negative or distressing affective states
Three students in a sixth-grade social studies class consistently have difficulty with complex
topics. The students have the most difficulty with open-ended assignments that require critical
thinking. In planning an appropriate intervention for these students, the counselor should
initially work with the teacher to:
A. Modify academic standards to ensure that the students experience success in their learning
B. Identify peers who can provide support to the students when they are struggling
C. Develop concrete supports such as graphic organizers to facilitate the students'
understanding
D. Implement second-chance, simplified tasks for the students to demonstrate mastery -
✔✔C. Develop concrete supports such as graphic organizers to facilitate the students'
understanding
Elementary school counselors are developing curricula and activities related to student mental
health that can be implemented districtwide. Which of the following issues is most important to
address in this effort?
A. Choosing a career path that aligns with interests and abilities
B. Learning and practicing time-management strategies
C. Using various tools to self-monitor academic progress
D. Recognizing and expressing emotions in a productive way - ✔✔D. Recognizing and
expressing emotions in a productive way
Which of the following statements describes an underlying principle of constructivist learning
theory?
A. Students use selective processing to gain knowledge by focusing attention on information
that is highly relevant and necessary
B. Students create their own understanding and knowledge of the world by experiencing things
and reflecting on those experience
C. Students perceive the world according to preferred modalities and acquire knowledge and
skills primarily through those modalities
D. Students gain knowledge and skills by observing and modeling the actions of individuals
who are more experienced - ✔✔B. Students create their own understanding and knowledge
of the world by experiencing things and reflecting on those experience
, Which of the following standards related to academic development would be mostly
appropriately addressed beginning in early elementary school?
A. Understand how academic achievement enhances future career opportunities
B. Implement a plan of study to maximize achievement
C. Use knowledge of learning styles to positively influence school performance
D. Know when and how to ask for help when needed - ✔✔D. Know when and how to ask for
help when needed
Incorporating which of the following elements into the middle school curriculum is most likely to
reduce the number of students who drop out of school?
A. Interdisciplinary approaches to instruction
B. Frequent practice of high-stakes assessments
C. Community-based service-learning activities
D. Small-group instructional activities - ✔✔C. Community-based service-learning activities
High school counselors can best support the school's academic mission by making which of
the following elements an essential component of the school counseling program's mission?
A. promoting equitable access to opportunities and resources for all students
B. Implementing technology solutions to facilitate the provision of student services
C. Balancing provision of services between individuals, small groups, and whole classes
D. Encouraging all students to consider college as the most viable postsecondary option -
✔✔A. promoting equitable access to opportunities and resources for all students
School counselor who want to help schools close achievement gaps should emphasize which
of the following schoolwide practices?
A. Periodic collegial observations of and feedback of classroom instruction
B. Ongoing assessment and data analysis related to student learning
C. Frequent test-preparation workshops for students at risk of academic failure
D. Regular review and discussion of academic journal articles about effective instruction -
✔✔B. Ongoing assessment and data analysis related to student learning
Students' socioeconomic circumstances are likely to affect student learning most significantly
in which of the following areas?
A. Development of effective problem-solving abilities
B. Pattern of school attendance and assignment completion
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