Intro to ethics For midterm
A good thing is one that fulfills its function well - ✔✔Aristotle makes the following argument about
human flourishing:
1. The function of a human being is to reason.
2.
3. Therefore, a good human is one who reasons well.
What is the implicit premise needed to make Aristotle's argument valid?
False - ✔✔What makes ethics different from other subjects is that ethical claims do not need to be
supported by logical arguments, while in other subjects logical arguments are always needed to
support one's claims.
No bc the principle of the impartiality allows for the possibility that there are good reasons for treating
some ppl diff - ✔✔Would providing scholarships to students with high GPAs but not providing
scholarships to students with low GPAs violate the principle of impartiality?
Normative Ethics - ✔✔The Golden Rule says that we should treat others as we want to be treated.
What major division of ethics investigates whether the Golden Rule is a sound moral principle?
moral norms and prudential norms - ✔✔Suppose that Jill finds a wallet on the ground with a lot of
money in it. No one would know if she took it, and she would really enjoy using the money to go on a
vacation this summer. On the other hand, she could return the wallet to its owner, since the driver's
license in the wallet has his address on it. In this situation, Jill is facing a conflict between
Dominance of moral norms - ✔✔When a group of people say that a law should be changed because
it is immoral, what general idea are these people expressing?
a judgment about value - ✔✔The statement "Donating to charity makes the world a better place" is
an example of what kind of judgment?
Nothing is right or wrong - ✔✔As odd as it may sound, some nonbelievers in God have subscribed to
the divine command theory. If the divine command theory is true, and God does not exist, then
No; even if capital punishment is morally right, that doesn't tell us in which cases it should be
performed - ✔✔John firmly believes that capital punishment is morally right—a belief he inherited,
no-questions-asked, from his culture. He is reading about a criminal who has recently been
apprehended by the police. Supposing the criminal is guilty, is it possible for John to be morally
certain based on his beliefs whether or not this criminal should face the death penalty?
, Descriptive Ethics - ✔✔A psychological study finds that people tend to ignore their society's moral
code if someone with authority over them commands them to do so. What is this study an example
of?
A judgment about obligations - ✔✔The statement "Everyone should respect a person's right to life" is
making what kind of a judgment?
correct - ✔✔In her ethics class, Jessica has studied many controversial issues like abortion. Jessica
believes that abortion is morally acceptable. If subjective relativism is true, then Jessica's belief is -
false - ✔✔According to moral objectivism, there are objective moral rules, all of which have no
exceptions.
one of the cultures must be mistaken - ✔✔In some cultures, it is considered immoral to have
premarital sex. In other cultures, it is not considered wrong. What would an objectivist say about this
moral disagreement?
There is no connection - ✔✔What is the connection between a moral belief being universal and that
belief being objective?
We do not have enough info to say - ✔✔Eric approves of affirmative action and believes that it is
right, regardless of whether his culture believes it is right. What moral view is Eric using to inform this
belief?
neither true or false - ✔✔How would an emotivist describe the statement "Happiness is good"?
we do not have enough information to say - ✔✔Camila lives in a society where eating animals is
considered right, and she agrees. Which moral view is Camila using to inform this belief?
Such judgments cannot be mistaken - ✔✔Suppose you judge the actions of other people to be
morally wrong. What does subjective relativism say about these judgments?
The movement is mistaken - ✔✔Imagine that next year a small movement begins in this country that
seeks to change the public's mind about an important moral issue. If cultural relativism is true, what
should we say about this movement?
false - ✔✔According to emotivism, claims like "People generally approve of capital punishment"
cannot be true or false.
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