The Bits and Bytes of Computer Networking -
Week 2
What does the IP (IPv4) packet header consist of? - ✔✔The IPv4 packet header consists of 14 fields, of which
13 are required. The 14th field is optional and aptly named: options.
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What can represent all decimal numbers from 0 to 255? - ✔✔- 8 bits of data or a single octet
Which company owns every single IP that has the number 9 as the first octet? - ✔✔- IBM
What do IP addresses belong to? - ✔✔It's important to call out that IP addresses belong to the networks, not
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the devices attached to those networks.
Many modern networks you can connect a new device and an IP address will be assigned to it automatically
through a technology known as ________________________ . - ✔✔- dynamic host configuration protocol
An IP address assigned via dynamic host configuration protocol are known as
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_____________________________________. - ✔✔- a dynamic IP address
The exact opposite of a dynamic IP address is known as? - ✔✔The opposite of a dynamic IP address is
known as a static IP address, and this must be configured on a node manually.
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Who are static IP addresses reserved for? - ✔✔In most cases, static IP addresses are reserved for servers
and network devices.
Who are dynamic IP addresses are reserved for? - ✔✔In most cases, dynamic IP addresses are reserved for
clients.
What is the specific name of the data packets at the Ethernet layer? - ✔✔The data packets at the Ethernet
layer have a specific name, it is Ethernet frames.
What is a Flag Field used for? - ✔✔The flag field is used to indicate if a datagram is allowed to be
fragmented, or to indicate that the datagram has already been fragmented.
What is the Total Length Field used for? - ✔✔It's used to indicate the total length of the IP datagram it's
attached to.
What is Service Type Field? - ✔✔These eight bits can be used to specify details about quality of service or
QoS technologies.
What is Header Length Field? - ✔✔This is almost always 20 bytes in length when dealing with IPv4.
What is an IP datagram? - ✔✔An IP datagram is a highly structured series of fields that are strictly defined.
, What is the difference between an IP datagram and an Ethernet frame header? - ✔✔An IP datagram header
contains a lot more data than an Ethernet frame header.
What is similar between an IP datagram and an Ethernet frame header? - ✔✔Just like any Ethernet frame, an
IP datagram is a highly structured series of fields that are strictly defined.
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What is the most common version of IP? - ✔✔The most common version of IP is version four or IPv4.
It is also a four bit field that declares how long the entire header is.
It is almost always 20 bytes in length when dealing with IPv4.
What is an Identification Field? - ✔✔An identification field is a 16-bit number that's used to group messages
together.
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What is the maximum size of a single datagram and the largest number you can represent with 16 bits? -
✔✔The Total Length field is 16 bits, and this field indicates the size of an individual datagram.
The maximum size of a single datagram is the largest number you can represent with 16 bits: 65,535.
If the total amount of data that needs to be sent is larger than what can fit in a single datagram what does the
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IP layer need to do? - ✔✔The IP layer needs to split this data up into many individual packets.
What is the Time to Live (TTL) Field? - ✔✔This field is an 8-bit field that indicates how many routers hops a
datagram can traverse before it's thrown away.
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IP header consists of a field called as Time to live field. This value indicates how long a packet can survive.
What is the Protocol Field? - ✔✔This is another 8-bit field that contains data about what transport layer
protocol is being used.
The protocol field in the IP header is an 8-bit number that defines what protocol is used inside the IP packet.
TCP and UDP are only two of the possible protocols that can be filtered on, although they are most common.
What is the Header Checksum Field? - ✔✔This field is a checksum of the contents of the entire IP datagram
header.
It is used to check the packet for its quality. It has to be calculated on each hop(router) and if it does not match
then the packet has to be discarded.
What is the IP Options Field? - ✔✔This is an optional field and is used to set special characteristics for
datagrams primarily used for testing purposes.
What is the Padding Field? - ✔✔Since the IP options field is both optional and variable in length, the padding
field is just a series of zeros used to ensure the header is the correct total size.
Name the IP datagram header Fields? - ✔✔1. Version Field
2. Header Length Field
3. Service Type Field
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