Exam (elaborations)
NP235 Unit 2 Diagnostic tests (2).
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NP235 Unit 2 Diagnostic tests (2).
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NP235 Unit 2 Diagnostic testsa bacterium that can cause symptoms ranging from diarrhea to life-threatening inflammation of
the colon. Illness from C. difficile most commonly affects older adults in hospitals or in long-term
care facilities and typically occurs after use of antibiotic medications - ANS-Clostridium Difficile
(C. Diff)
a complete blood count (CBC),
blood urea nitrogen (BUN),
serum creatinine,
Creatinine clearance. - ANS-Diagnostic Tests for Urologic Disorders
A machine that lets X-Ray beams focus on an object at different levels. - ANS-What is a CAT
Scan?
a nuclear imaging test . used if a patient has unexplained skeletal pain, a bone infection, or a
bone injury that can't be seen on a standard X-ray. - ANS-Bone Scan
An oral contrast agent may be given 1 day before the scan.
combines images from a high-tech spiral CT scan to create a computer-generated
three-dimensional picture of the colon.
Noninvasive method of determining whether there are polyps or abnormalities in the colon. -
ANS-.Virtual Colonoscopy
blood in the feces that is not visibly apparent (unlike other types of blood in stool such as
melena or hematochezia). A fecal occult blood test (FOBT) checks for hidden (occult) blood in
the stool (feces). - ANS-Occult Blood in Stool
Cells are withdrawn by needle from the sternum or iliac crest
may perform a bone marrow exam to:
Diagnose a disease or condition involving the bone marrow or blood cells
Determine the stage or progression of a disease
Check iron levels and metabolism
Monitor treatment of a disease
Investigate a fever of unknown origin - ANS-Bone Marrow
Check for allergies and pregnancy.
The patient will be asked to lie quietly for 30-60 min during the scanning.
All metal must be removed from the area to be scanned.
, Ensure patient that she will not be "radioactive."
The isotope is eliminated from the body in 6-24 hr. - ANS-Bone Scan Nursing Implications
Contact Precautions
Preferred - cohorting of patients with same type of infection is acceptable
Masks - Situation dependent
Gowns - Always; if patients are cohorted, staff must perform hand hygiene and change PPE
between patients
Gloves - Always; if patients are cohorted, staff must perform hand hygiene and change PPE
between patients
Common disease for this isolation - Open or draining wounds; history of MRSA, VRE, ESBL
positive; diarrhea; MDRO infections - ANS-Nursing Implications C. Diff
Determines ability to absorb vitamin B12; used to diagnose pernicious anemia
Assess kidney function. Requires an 8- to 12-hr fast. No B vitamins for 3 days prior; no laxatives
for 24 hr. Subnormal levels of B12 in the urine indicate the lack of intrinsic factor, which
facilitates absorption of vitamin B12. - ANS-Schilling Test
Evaluate blood flow through the artery after surgery to remove plaques (carotid endarterectomy)
Evaluate the placement and effectiveness of a stent; a mesh tube used to improve blood flow
through an artery
Locate a collection of clotted blood (hematoma) that may prevent blood flow
Detect other carotid artery abnormalities that may disrupt blood flow - ANS-Other uses of carotid
ultrasound
evaluating size, shape, and position of structures and movement within the heart. This is the
test of choice for valve problems
patient is supine or turned on the left side. The test takes 30-60 min. - ANS-Echocardiography
Explain procedure to patient. Take baseline vital signs.
Position patient sitting, facing side of bed, and leaning over the over-bed table with arms
crossed on it; pillows or the back of a chair can also be used.
Monitor respirations and skin color during procedure.
Assist patient to remain still. Chest radiograph may be ordered after procedure.
Monitor vital signs q15min for 1 hr or until stable, then routinely. Auscultate breath sounds
frequently.
Rapid breathing, cyanosis, hemoptysis, changes in breath sounds, and tachycardia should be
reported immediately.
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