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COMD 5070 Exam 1 study guide with the newest reviewed questions and answers
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COMD 5070 Exam 1 study guide with the newest reviewed questions and answers
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COMD 5070 Exam 1 study guide with thenewest reviewed questions and answers
Scientific Method - ANS empirical, deterministic, predictive, parsimonious
empirical - ANS based on data
deterministic - ANS obeys physical laws
predictive - ANS If you do this, then this will happen
parsiminious - ANS uses the simplest explanation possible
why use technology? - ANS overcome listener bias, describe severity objectively, track
progress over time, ASHA's focus on evidence-based practice, provide biofeedback to patient
how to overcome listener bias? - ANS consistent, reliable measurements
how to track progress over time? - ANS demonstrate treatment efficacy
biofeedback example - ANS vizipitch- allows client to view intonation patterns on a screen so
they can see & monitor their own progress
things clinicians can do that technology can't - ANS understand the numbers, examine
qualitatively and quantitatively, judgments/ interpreting data
why understand technology? - ANS SLP needs to know normal & disordered physiology; can
only provide rational treatment if data is understood; need to know what numbers from
instruments represent; provide expert interpretation
3 key arenas of Speech Science - ANS acoustic phonetics, physiologic phonetics, speech
perception
physiologic phonetics - ANS kinematics, aerodynamics, electromyography
frequency - ANS how often a waveform repeats; measured in Hz
simplest sounds - ANS pure tones
, complex tones - ANS have more than 1 sine wave (more than 1 sound being produced
together, & they blend); have many frequencies; F0 = strongest; perceived pitch follows
fundamental; human voice has F0 and harmonics; auditory system responds to all frequencies
pitch perception - ANS linked to frequency; order on a musical scale; subjective perception;
can't be measured w/ instruments; listener matches perceived pitch to that of a pure tone of a
known frequency
Frequency Difference Limens (DL) - ANS smallest detectable change in frequency; DLs
increase w/ stimulus frequency; high frequency sounds must differ more to be heard as different
in pitch; as intensity increases, DLs become larger
Intensity of speech - ANS measured in dB SPL
dB SPL = - ANS 20 (log10 PO/PR)
periodic relationship - ANS if frequencies in a complex tone are in a mathematical relationship
to one another such that the harmonics are multiples of the fundamental; if not periodic, sounds
jarring/ discordant
missing fundamental - ANS listen to a harmonic series; actual fundamental can be absent;
timbre/ quality is different; pitch is still perceived as the same; brain processes harmonic
structure & fills gap by calculation/ interpolation; cheap audio equipment- stimulated bass; AKA
"residue pitch"
pitch perception in music - ANS A or B sounds equivalent up or down; some note pairs blend
harmoniously, some are dissonant; harmonic frequencies match or don't
octave - ANS doubling/ halving of frequency
Intensity - ANS measured with a sound level meter; power per unit area
intensity formula - ANS watts/meter squared
loudness - ANS a perceptual characteristic; judged by listener (not right or wrong); linked to
intensity by psychophysical scale
magnitude rating - ANS the process of plotting psychological perceptions of intensity
recruitment - ANS an abnormal growth in loudness
effect of frequency on loudness - ANS hearing more sensitive at some frequencies (lowest
thresholds from 1000-5000 Hz); thresholds increase for lowest & highest frequency sounds;
audiometers use HL, not SPL because of the unequal response
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