Hosa Biomedical Debate 2024 with Complete Questions and Answers
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Hosa Biomedical Debate
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Hosa Biomedical Debate
Hosa Biomedical Debate 2024 with Complete Questions and AnswersHosa Biomedical Debate 2024 with Complete Questions and AnswersHosa Biomedical Debate 2024 with Complete Questions and AnswersHosa Biomedical Debate 2024 with Complete Questions and Answers
Coincidental event - ANSWER-An AEFI that is c...
Hosa Biomedical Debate 2024 with Complete
Questions and Answers
Coincidental event - ANSWER-An AEFI that is caused by something other than the vaccine product,
immunization error or immunization anxiety.
Ex: A fever occurs at the time of the vaccination (temporal association) but is in fact caused by
Malaria. Coincidental events reflect the natural occurrence of health problems in the community
with common problems being frequently reported.
An AEFI will be considered serious, if it: - ANSWER-results in death, is life-threatening, requires in-
patient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent or significant
disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect, or requires intervention to prevent
permanent impairment or damage. It is important to note that 'serious' and 'severe' are often used
as interchangeable terms but they are not.
A country that does not produce its own vaccines acquires them from providers outside. It is strongly
recommended that governments buy their vaccines through a competent procurement body that
observes well-established, internationally recognized procurement procedures, whether the vaccines
are imported or locally produced. International organizations supporting countries' procurement
efforts are: - ANSWER-UNICEF Supply division - Copenhagen, Denmark or WHO.
What is expected of marketing authorisation (MA) holders? - ANSWER-They are expected to provide
a summary of relevant new safety information together with a critical evaluation of the risk-benefit
balance of the product, in form of periodic benefit-risk evaluation report (PBRER). The evaluation of
such reports should ascertain whether further investigations need to be carried out or if changes to
the marketing authorisation or product information has to be made.
A vaccine reaction - ANSWER-an individual's response to the inherent properties of the vaccine, even
when the vaccine has been prepared, handled and administered correctly.
Minor Reaction - ANSWER-usually occur within a few hours of injection. Resolve after short period of
time and pose little danger.
Local Minor Reaction - ANSWER-includes pain, swelling or redness at the site of injection.
Systemic Minor Reaction - ANSWER-includes fever, malaise, muscle pain, headache or loss of
appetite.
, Severe Reaction - ANSWER-usually do not result in long-term problems. Can be disabling. Are rarely
life threatening. Include seizures and allergic reactions caused by the body's reaction to a particular
component in a vaccine. Severe reactions is a term including serious reactions but also including
other severe reactions.
How does a vaccination induce immunity? - ANSWER-by causing the recipient's immune system to
react to antigens contained in the vaccine. Local and systemic reactions such as pain or fever can
occur as part of the immune response. In addition, other vaccine components (e.g. adjuvants,
stabilizers, and preservatives) can trigger reactions.
What does a successful vaccine do? - ANSWER-keeps even minor reactions to a minimum while
producing the best possible immune response."
what do severe vaccine reactions include? - ANSWER-seizures, thrombocytopenia, hypotonic
hyporesponsive episodes (HHE), and prolonged crying, which all need to be reported. Most severe
vaccine reactions do not lead to long-term problems. Anaphylaxis, while potentially fatal, is treatable
without leaving any long-term effects.
What do immunization errors result from? - ANSWER-errors in vaccine preparation, handling, storage
or administration. They are preventable and detract from the overall benefit of the immunization
programme. The identification and correction of these incorrect immunization practices are of great
importance.
Individuals can react in anticipation to and as a result of an injection of any kind. These reactions are
not related to the vaccine, but to fear of the injection. What are the four reactions you may
encounter? - ANSWER-fainting, hyperventilation, vomiting, and convulsions.
When do coincidental events occur? - ANSWER-after a vaccination has been given, but they are not
caused by the vaccine or its administration. Vaccinations are normally scheduled in infancy and early
childhood, when illnesses are common and congenital or early neurological conditions become
apparent. Coincidental events are inevitable when vaccinating children in these age groups,
especially during a mass campaign.
Immediate investigation of a severe adverse event attributed to a vaccine, but not causally related to
it, is critical in order to: (1) (2) - ANSWER-(1) respond to a community's concern about vaccine safety
(2) maintain public confidence in immunization.
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